Add Interplay MVE format demuxer/decoder and muxer/encoder. Demuxer doesn't support seeking yet, but seems to work fi...

Original commit message from CVS:
Patch by: Jens Granseuer  <jensgr at gmx net>
* configure.ac:
* gst/mve/Makefile.am:
* gst/mve/TODO:
* gst/mve/gstmve.c:
* gst/mve/gstmvedemux.c:
* gst/mve/gstmvedemux.h:
* gst/mve/gstmvemux.c:
* gst/mve/gstmvemux.h:
* gst/mve/mve.h:
* gst/mve/mveaudiodec.c:
* gst/mve/mveaudioenc.c:
* gst/mve/mvevideodec16.c:
* gst/mve/mvevideodec8.c:
* gst/mve/mvevideoenc16.c:
* gst/mve/mvevideoenc8.c:
Add Interplay MVE format demuxer/decoder and muxer/encoder. Demuxer
doesn't support seeking yet, but seems to work fine otherwise.
Closes #348973.

1 files changed, 1649 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/gst/mve/mvevideoenc16.c b/gst/mve/mvevideoenc16.c
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..4a18389b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gst/mve/mvevideoenc16.c
@@ -0,0 +1,1649 @@
+/*
+ * Interplay MVE video encoder (16 bit)
+ * Copyright (C) 2006 Jens Granseuer <jensgr@gmx.net>
+ *
+ * This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ * modify it under the terms of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ * version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+ *
+ * This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ * Library General Public License for more details.
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU Library General Public
+ * License along with this library; if not, write to the
+ * Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330,
+ * Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.
+ */
+
+#ifdef HAVE_CONFIG_H
+# include "config.h"
+#endif
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include "gstmvemux.h"
+
+typedef struct _GstMveEncoderData GstMveEncoderData;
+typedef struct _GstMveEncoding GstMveEncoding;
+typedef struct _GstMveApprox GstMveApprox;
+typedef struct _GstMveQuant GstMveQuant;
+
+#define MVE_RMASK   0x7c00
+#define MVE_GMASK   0x03e0
+#define MVE_BMASK   0x001f
+#define MVE_RSHIFT  10
+#define MVE_GSHIFT  5
+#define MVE_BSHIFT  0
+
+#define MVE_RVAL(p)     (((p) & MVE_RMASK) >> MVE_RSHIFT)
+#define MVE_GVAL(p)     (((p) & MVE_GMASK) >> MVE_GSHIFT)
+#define MVE_BVAL(p)     (((p) & MVE_BMASK) >> MVE_BSHIFT)
+#define MVE_COL(r,g,b)  (((r) << MVE_RSHIFT) | ((g) << MVE_GSHIFT) | ((b) << MVE_BSHIFT))
+
+struct _GstMveEncoderData
+{
+  GstMveMux *mve;
+  /* current position in frame */
+  guint16 x, y;
+
+  /* commonly used quantization results
+     (2 and 4 colors) for the current block */
+  guint16 q2block[64];
+  guint16 q2colors[2];
+  guint32 q2error;
+  gboolean q2available;
+
+  guint16 q4block[64];
+  guint16 q4colors[4];
+  guint32 q4error;
+  gboolean q4available;
+};
+
+struct _GstMveEncoding
+{
+  guint8 opcode;
+  guint8 size;
+    guint32 (*approx) (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+      GstMveApprox * res);
+};
+
+#define MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR  G_MAXUINT32
+
+struct _GstMveApprox
+{
+  guint32 error;
+  guint8 type;
+  guint8 data[128];             /* max 128 bytes encoded per block */
+  guint16 block[64];            /* block in final image */
+};
+
+struct _GstMveQuant
+{
+  guint16 col;
+  guint16 r_total, g_total, b_total;
+  guint8 r, g, b;
+  guint8 hits, hits_last;
+  guint32 max_error;
+  guint16 max_miss;
+};
+
+#define mve_median(mve, src) mve_median_sub ((mve), (src), 8, 8, 0)
+#define mve_color_dist(c1, c2) \
+        mve_color_dist_rgb (MVE_RVAL (c1), MVE_GVAL (c1), MVE_BVAL (c1), \
+                            MVE_RVAL (c2), MVE_GVAL (c2), MVE_BVAL (c2));
+
+/* comparison function for qsort() */
+static int
+mve_comp_solution (const void *a, const void *b)
+{
+  const GArray *aa = *((GArray **) a);
+  const GArray *bb = *((GArray **) b);
+
+  if (aa->len <= 1)
+    return G_MAXINT;
+  else if (bb->len <= 1)
+    return G_MININT;
+  else
+    return g_array_index (aa, GstMveApprox, aa->len - 2).error -
+        g_array_index (bb, GstMveApprox, bb->len - 2).error;
+}
+
+static inline guint32
+mve_color_dist_rgb (guint8 r1, guint8 g1, guint8 b1,
+    guint8 r2, guint8 g2, guint8 b2)
+{
+  /* euclidean distance (minus sqrt) */
+  gint dr = r1 - r2;
+  gint dg = g1 - g2;
+  gint db = b1 - b2;
+
+  return dr * dr + dg * dg + db * db;
+}
+
+/* compute average color in a sub-block */
+static guint16
+mve_median_sub (const GstMveMux * mve, const guint16 * src, guint w, guint h,
+    guint n)
+{
+  guint x, y;
+  const guint max = w * h, max2 = max >> 1;
+  guint32 r_total = max2, g_total = max2, b_total = max2;
+
+  src += ((n * w) % 8) + (((n * (8 - h)) / (12 - w)) * h * mve->width);
+
+  for (y = 0; y < h; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < w; ++x) {
+      r_total += MVE_RVAL (src[x]);
+      g_total += MVE_GVAL (src[x]);
+      b_total += MVE_BVAL (src[x]);
+    }
+    src += mve->width;
+  }
+
+  return MVE_COL (r_total / max, g_total / max, b_total / max);
+}
+
+static void
+mve_quant_init (const GstMveMux * mve, GstMveQuant * q, guint n_clusters,
+    const guint16 * data, guint w, guint h)
+{
+  guint i;
+  guint x, y;
+  guint16 cols[4];
+  guint16 val[2];
+
+  /* init first cluster with lowest (darkest), second with highest (lightest)
+     color. if we need 4 clusters, fill in first and last color in the block
+     and hope they make for a good distribution */
+  cols[0] = cols[1] = cols[2] = data[0];
+  cols[3] = data[(h - 1) * mve->width + w - 1];
+
+  /* favour red over green and blue */
+  val[0] = val[1] =
+      (MVE_RVAL (data[0]) << 1) + MVE_GVAL (data[0]) + MVE_BVAL (data[0]);
+
+  for (y = 0; y < h; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < w; ++x) {
+      guint16 c = data[x];
+
+      if ((c != cols[0]) && (c != cols[1])) {
+        guint v = (MVE_RVAL (c) << 1) + MVE_GVAL (c) + MVE_BVAL (c);
+
+        if (v < val[0]) {
+          val[0] = v;
+          cols[0] = c;
+        } else if (v > val[1]) {
+          val[1] = v;
+          cols[1] = c;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    data += mve->width;
+  }
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n_clusters; ++i) {
+    q[i].col = cols[i];
+    q[i].r = MVE_RVAL (cols[i]);
+    q[i].g = MVE_GVAL (cols[i]);
+    q[i].b = MVE_BVAL (cols[i]);
+    q[i].r_total = q[i].g_total = q[i].b_total = 0;
+    q[i].hits = q[i].hits_last = 0;
+    q[i].max_error = 0;
+    q[i].max_miss = 0;
+  }
+}
+
+static gboolean
+mve_quant_update_clusters (GstMveQuant * q, guint n_clusters)
+{
+  gboolean changed = FALSE;
+  guint i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < n_clusters; ++i) {
+    if (q[i].hits > 0) {
+      guint16 means = MVE_COL ((q[i].r_total + q[i].hits / 2) / q[i].hits,
+          (q[i].g_total + q[i].hits / 2) / q[i].hits,
+          (q[i].b_total + q[i].hits / 2) / q[i].hits);
+
+      if ((means != q[i].col) || (q[i].hits != q[i].hits_last))
+        changed = TRUE;
+
+      q[i].col = means;
+      q[i].r_total = q[i].g_total = q[i].b_total = 0;
+    } else {
+      guint j;
+      guint32 max_err = 0;
+      GstMveQuant *worst = NULL;
+
+      /* try to replace unused cluster with a better representative */
+      for (j = 0; j < n_clusters; ++j) {
+        if (q[j].max_error > max_err) {
+          worst = &q[j];
+          max_err = worst->max_error;
+        }
+      }
+      if (worst) {
+        q[i].col = worst->max_miss;
+        worst->max_error = 0;
+        changed = TRUE;
+      }
+    }
+
+    q[i].r = MVE_RVAL (q[i].col);
+    q[i].g = MVE_GVAL (q[i].col);
+    q[i].b = MVE_BVAL (q[i].col);
+    q[i].hits_last = q[i].hits;
+    q[i].hits = 0;
+  }
+  for (i = 0; i < n_clusters; ++i) {
+    q[i].max_error = 0;
+  }
+
+  return changed;
+}
+
+/* quantize a sub-block using a k-means algorithm */
+static guint32
+mve_quantize (const GstMveMux * mve, const guint16 * src,
+    guint w, guint h, guint n, guint ncols, guint16 * scratch, guint16 * cols)
+{
+  guint x, y, i;
+  GstMveQuant q[4];
+  const guint16 *data;
+  guint16 *dest;
+  guint32 error;
+
+  g_assert (n <= 4 && ncols <= 4);
+
+  src += ((n * w) % 8) + (((n * (8 - h)) / (12 - w)) * h * mve->width);
+  scratch += ((n * w) % 8) + (((n * (8 - h)) / (12 - w)) * h * 8);
+
+  mve_quant_init (mve, q, ncols, src, w, h);
+
+  do {
+    data = src;
+    dest = scratch;
+    error = 0;
+
+    /* for each pixel find the closest cluster */
+    for (y = 0; y < h; ++y) {
+      for (x = 0; x < w; ++x) {
+        guint16 c = data[x];
+        guint8 r = MVE_RVAL (c), g = MVE_GVAL (c), b = MVE_BVAL (c);
+        guint32 minerr = MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR, err;
+        GstMveQuant *best = NULL;
+
+        for (i = 0; i < ncols; ++i) {
+          err = mve_color_dist_rgb (r, g, b, q[i].r, q[i].g, q[i].b);
+
+          if (err < minerr) {
+            minerr = err;
+            best = &q[i];
+          }
+        }
+
+        ++best->hits;
+        best->r_total += r;
+        best->g_total += g;
+        best->b_total += b;
+
+        if (minerr > best->max_error) {
+          best->max_error = minerr;
+          best->max_miss = c;
+        }
+
+        error += minerr;
+        dest[x] = best->col;
+      }
+      data += mve->width;
+      dest += 8;
+    }
+  } while (mve_quant_update_clusters (q, ncols));
+
+  /* fill cols array with result colors */
+  for (i = 0; i < ncols; ++i)
+    cols[i] = q[i].col;
+
+  return error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_block_error (const GstMveMux * mve, const guint16 * b1, const guint16 * b2,
+    guint32 threshold)
+{
+  /* compute error between two blocks in a frame */
+  guint32 e = 0;
+  guint x, y;
+
+  for (y = 0; y < 8; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < 8; ++x) {
+      e += mve_color_dist (*b1, *b2);
+
+      /* using a threshold to return early gives a huge performance bonus */
+      if (e >= threshold)
+        return MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+      ++b1;
+      ++b2;
+    }
+
+    b1 += mve->width - 8;
+    b2 += mve->width - 8;
+  }
+
+  return e;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_block_error_packed (const GstMveMux * mve, const guint16 * block,
+    const guint16 * scratch)
+{
+  /* compute error between a block in a frame and a (continuous) scratch pad */
+  guint32 e = 0;
+  guint x, y;
+
+  for (y = 0; y < 8; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < 8; ++x) {
+      e += mve_color_dist (block[x], scratch[x]);
+    }
+    block += mve->width;
+    scratch += 8;
+  }
+
+  return e;
+}
+
+static void
+mve_store_block (const GstMveMux * mve, const guint16 * block,
+    guint16 * scratch)
+{
+  /* copy block from frame to a (continuous) scratch pad */
+  guint y;
+
+  for (y = 0; y < 8; ++y) {
+    memcpy (scratch, block, 16);
+    block += mve->width;
+    scratch += 8;
+  }
+}
+
+static void
+mve_restore_block (const GstMveMux * mve, guint16 * block,
+    const guint16 * scratch)
+{
+  /* copy block from scratch pad to frame */
+  guint y;
+
+  for (y = 0; y < 8; ++y) {
+    memcpy (block, scratch, 16);
+    block += mve->width;
+    scratch += 8;
+  }
+}
+
+
+static guint32
+mve_try_vector (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    const guint16 * frame, gint pn, GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* try to locate a similar 8x8 block in the given frame using a motion vector */
+  guint i;
+  gint dx, dy;
+  gint fx, fy;
+  guint32 err;
+
+  apx->error = MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 256; ++i) {
+    if (i < 56) {
+      dx = 8 + (i % 7);
+      dy = i / 7;
+    } else {
+      dx = -14 + ((i - 56) % 29);
+      dy = 8 + ((i - 56) / 29);
+    }
+
+    fx = enc->x + dx * pn;
+    fy = enc->y + dy * pn;
+
+    if ((fx >= 0) && (fy >= 0) && (fx + 8 <= enc->mve->width)
+        && (fy + 8 <= enc->mve->height)) {
+      err =
+          mve_block_error (enc->mve, src, frame + fy * enc->mve->width + fx,
+          apx->error);
+      if (err < apx->error) {
+        apx->data[0] = i;
+        mve_store_block (enc->mve, frame + fy * enc->mve->width + fx,
+            apx->block);
+        apx->error = err;
+        if (err == 0)
+          return 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x0 (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* copy a block from the last frame (0 bytes) */
+  if (enc->mve->last_frame == NULL)
+    return MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+
+  mve_store_block (enc->mve,
+      ((guint16 *) GST_BUFFER_DATA (enc->mve->last_frame)) +
+      enc->y * enc->mve->width + enc->x, apx->block);
+  apx->error = mve_block_error_packed (enc->mve, src, apx->block);
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x1 (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* copy a block from the second to last frame (0 bytes) */
+  if (enc->mve->second_last_frame == NULL)
+    return MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+
+  mve_store_block (enc->mve,
+      ((guint16 *) GST_BUFFER_DATA (enc->mve->second_last_frame)) +
+      enc->y * enc->mve->width + enc->x, apx->block);
+  apx->error = mve_block_error_packed (enc->mve, src, apx->block);
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x2 (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* copy block from 2 frames ago using a motion vector (1 byte) */
+  if (enc->mve->quick_encoding || enc->mve->second_last_frame == NULL)
+    return MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+
+  apx->error = mve_try_vector (enc, src,
+      (guint16 *) GST_BUFFER_DATA (enc->mve->second_last_frame), 1, apx);
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x3 (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* copy 8x8 block from current frame from an up/left block (1 byte) */
+  if (enc->mve->quick_encoding)
+    return MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+
+  apx->error = mve_try_vector (enc, src,
+      src - enc->mve->width * enc->y - enc->x, -1, apx);
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x4 (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* copy a block from previous frame using a motion vector (-8/-8 to +7/+7) (1 byte) */
+  const GstMveMux *mve = enc->mve;
+  guint32 err;
+  const guint16 *frame;
+  gint x1, x2, xi, y1, y2, yi;
+
+  if (mve->last_frame == NULL)
+    return MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+
+  frame = (guint16 *) GST_BUFFER_DATA (mve->last_frame);
+
+  x1 = enc->x - 8;
+  x2 = enc->x + 7;
+  if (x1 < 0)
+    x1 = 0;
+  else if (x2 + 8 > mve->width)
+    x2 = mve->width - 8;
+
+  y1 = enc->y - 8;
+  y2 = enc->y + 7;
+  if (y1 < 0)
+    y1 = 0;
+  else if (y2 + 8 > mve->height)
+    y2 = mve->height - 8;
+
+  apx->error = MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+
+  for (yi = y1; yi <= y2; ++yi) {
+    guint yoff = yi * mve->width;
+
+    for (xi = x1; xi <= x2; ++xi) {
+      err = mve_block_error (mve, src, frame + yoff + xi, apx->error);
+      if (err < apx->error) {
+        apx->data[0] = ((xi - enc->x + 8) & 0xF) | ((yi - enc->y + 8) << 4);
+        mve_store_block (mve, frame + yoff + xi, apx->block);
+        apx->error = err;
+        if (err == 0)
+          return 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x5 (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* copy a block from previous frame using a motion vector
+     (-128/-128 to +127/+127) (2 bytes) */
+  const GstMveMux *mve = enc->mve;
+  guint32 err;
+  const guint16 *frame;
+  gint x1, x2, xi, y1, y2, yi;
+
+  if (mve->quick_encoding || mve->last_frame == NULL)
+    return MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+
+  frame = (guint16 *) GST_BUFFER_DATA (mve->last_frame);
+
+  x1 = enc->x - 128;
+  x2 = enc->x + 127;
+  if (x1 < 0)
+    x1 = 0;
+  if (x2 + 8 > mve->width)
+    x2 = mve->width - 8;
+
+  y1 = enc->y - 128;
+  y2 = enc->y + 127;
+  if (y1 < 0)
+    y1 = 0;
+  if (y2 + 8 > mve->height)
+    y2 = mve->height - 8;
+
+  apx->error = MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+
+  for (yi = y1; yi <= y2; ++yi) {
+    gint yoff = yi * mve->width;
+
+    for (xi = x1; xi <= x2; ++xi) {
+      err = mve_block_error (mve, src, frame + yoff + xi, apx->error);
+      if (err < apx->error) {
+        apx->data[0] = xi - enc->x;
+        apx->data[1] = yi - enc->y;
+        mve_store_block (mve, frame + yoff + xi, apx->block);
+        apx->error = err;
+        if (err == 0)
+          return 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x7a (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 2-color encoding for 2x2 solid blocks (6 bytes) */
+  guint16 p[2];
+  guint16 mean;
+  guint32 e1, e2;
+  guint x, y;
+  guint8 r[2], g[2], b[2], rb, gb, bb;
+  guint16 *block = apx->block;
+  guint16 mask = 0x0001;
+  guint16 flags = 0;
+
+  /* calculate mean colors for the entire block */
+  if (!enc->q2available) {
+    enc->q2error =
+        mve_quantize (enc->mve, src, 8, 8, 0, 2, enc->q2block, enc->q2colors);
+    enc->q2available = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  /* p[0] & 0x8000 */
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&apx->data[0], enc->q2colors[0] | 0x8000);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&apx->data[2], enc->q2colors[1]);
+
+  for (x = 0; x < 2; ++x) {
+    r[x] = MVE_RVAL (enc->q2colors[x]);
+    g[x] = MVE_GVAL (enc->q2colors[x]);
+    b[x] = MVE_BVAL (enc->q2colors[x]);
+  }
+
+  /* calculate mean colors for each 2x2 block and map to global colors */
+  for (y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x, mask <<= 1) {
+      p[0] = src[enc->mve->width];
+      p[1] = src[enc->mve->width + 1];
+
+      rb = (MVE_RVAL (src[0]) + MVE_RVAL (src[1]) + MVE_RVAL (p[0]) +
+          MVE_RVAL (p[1]) + 2) / 4;
+      gb = (MVE_GVAL (src[0]) + MVE_GVAL (src[1]) + MVE_GVAL (p[0]) +
+          MVE_GVAL (p[1]) + 2) / 4;
+      bb = (MVE_BVAL (src[0]) + MVE_BVAL (src[1]) + MVE_BVAL (p[0]) +
+          MVE_BVAL (p[1]) + 2) / 4;
+
+      e1 = mve_color_dist_rgb (rb, gb, bb, r[0], g[0], b[0]);
+      e2 = mve_color_dist_rgb (rb, gb, bb, r[1], g[1], b[1]);
+
+      if (e1 > e2) {
+        mean = enc->q2colors[1];
+        flags |= mask;
+      } else {
+        mean = enc->q2colors[0];
+      }
+
+      block[0] = block[1] = block[8] = block[9] = mean;
+
+      src += 2;
+      block += 2;
+    }
+    src += (enc->mve->width * 2) - 8;
+    block += 8;
+  }
+
+  apx->data[4] = flags & 0x00FF;
+  apx->data[5] = (flags & 0xFF00) >> 8;
+
+  apx->error =
+      mve_block_error_packed (enc->mve, src - enc->mve->width * 8, apx->block);
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x7b (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* generic 2-color encoding (12 bytes) */
+  guint x, y;
+  guint8 *data = apx->data;
+  guint16 *block = apx->block;
+
+  if (!enc->q2available) {
+    enc->q2error =
+        mve_quantize (enc->mve, src, 8, 8, 0, 2, enc->q2block, enc->q2colors);
+    enc->q2available = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  memcpy (block, enc->q2block, 128);
+
+  /* !(p[0] & 0x8000) */
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[0], enc->q2colors[0] & ~0x8000);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[2], enc->q2colors[1]);
+  data += 4;
+
+  for (y = 0; y < 8; ++y) {
+    guint8 flags = 0;
+
+    for (x = 0x01; x <= 0x80; x <<= 1) {
+      if (*block == enc->q2colors[1])
+        flags |= x;
+      ++block;
+    }
+    *data++ = flags;
+  }
+
+  apx->error = enc->q2error;
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x8a (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 2-color encoding for top and bottom half (16 bytes) */
+  guint16 cols[2];
+  guint32 flags;
+  guint i, x, y, shifter;
+  guint16 *block = apx->block;
+  guint8 *data = apx->data;
+
+  apx->error = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    apx->error += mve_quantize (enc->mve, src, 8, 4, i, 2, apx->block, cols);
+
+    flags = 0;
+    shifter = 0;
+
+    /* p0 & 0x8000 && p2 & 0x8000 */
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[0], cols[0] | 0x8000);
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[2], cols[1]);
+
+    for (y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
+      for (x = 0; x < 8; ++x, ++shifter) {
+        if (block[x] == cols[1])
+          flags |= 1 << shifter;
+      }
+      block += 8;
+    }
+    data[4] = flags & 0x000000FF;
+    data[5] = (flags & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
+    data[6] = (flags & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
+    data[7] = (flags & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
+    data += 8;
+  }
+
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x8b (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 2-color encoding for left and right half (16 bytes) */
+  guint16 cols[2];
+  guint32 flags;
+  guint i, x, y, shifter;
+  guint16 *block = apx->block;
+  guint8 *data = apx->data;
+
+  apx->error = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    apx->error += mve_quantize (enc->mve, src, 4, 8, i, 2, apx->block, cols);
+
+    flags = 0;
+    shifter = 0;
+
+    /* p0 & 0x8000 && !(p2 & 0x8000) */
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[0], (cols[0] & ~0x8000) | (0x8000 * (i ^ 1)));
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[2], cols[1]);
+
+    for (y = 0; y < 8; ++y) {
+      for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x, ++shifter) {
+        if (block[x] == cols[1])
+          flags |= 1 << shifter;
+      }
+      block += 8;
+    }
+
+    data[4] = flags & 0x000000FF;
+    data[5] = (flags & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
+    data[6] = (flags & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
+    data[7] = (flags & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
+    data += 8;
+    block = apx->block + 4;
+  }
+
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x8c (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 2-color encoding for each 4x4 quadrant (24 bytes) */
+  guint16 cols[2];
+  guint16 flags;
+  guint i, x, y, shifter;
+  guint16 *block;
+  guint8 *data = apx->data;
+
+  apx->error = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    apx->error +=
+        mve_quantize (enc->mve, src, 4, 4, ((i & 1) << 1) | ((i & 2) >> 1), 2,
+        apx->block, cols);
+
+    /* !(p0 & 0x8000) */
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[0], cols[0] & ~0x8000);
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[2], cols[1]);
+
+    block = apx->block + ((i / 2) * 4) + ((i % 2) * 32);
+    flags = 0;
+    shifter = 0;
+
+    for (y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
+      for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x, ++shifter) {
+        if (block[x] == cols[1])
+          flags |= 1 << shifter;
+      }
+      block += 8;
+    }
+
+    data[4] = flags & 0x00FF;
+    data[5] = (flags & 0xFF00) >> 8;
+    data += 6;
+  }
+
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x9a (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 4-color encoding for 2x2 solid blocks (12 bytes) */
+  guint16 p[2];
+  guint32 e, emin;
+  guint i, x, y, mean = 0;
+  guint8 r[4], g[4], b[4], rb, gb, bb;
+  guint16 *block = apx->block;
+  guint shifter = 0;
+  guint32 flags = 0;
+
+  /* calculate mean colors for the entire block */
+  if (!enc->q4available) {
+    enc->q4error =
+        mve_quantize (enc->mve, src, 8, 8, 0, 4, enc->q4block, enc->q4colors);
+    enc->q4available = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  /* !(p[0] & 0x8000) && p[2] & 0x8000 */
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&apx->data[0], enc->q4colors[0] & ~0x8000);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&apx->data[2], enc->q4colors[1]);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&apx->data[4], enc->q4colors[2] | 0x8000);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&apx->data[6], enc->q4colors[3]);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    r[i] = MVE_RVAL (enc->q4colors[i]);
+    g[i] = MVE_GVAL (enc->q4colors[i]);
+    b[i] = MVE_BVAL (enc->q4colors[i]);
+  }
+
+  /* calculate mean colors for each 2x2 block and map to global colors */
+  for (y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x, shifter += 2) {
+      p[0] = src[enc->mve->width];
+      p[1] = src[enc->mve->width + 1];
+
+      rb = (MVE_RVAL (src[0]) + MVE_RVAL (src[1]) + MVE_RVAL (p[0]) +
+          MVE_RVAL (p[1]) + 2) / 4;
+      gb = (MVE_GVAL (src[0]) + MVE_GVAL (src[1]) + MVE_GVAL (p[0]) +
+          MVE_GVAL (p[1]) + 2) / 4;
+      bb = (MVE_BVAL (src[0]) + MVE_BVAL (src[1]) + MVE_BVAL (p[0]) +
+          MVE_BVAL (p[1]) + 2) / 4;
+
+      emin = MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+        e = mve_color_dist_rgb (rb, gb, bb, r[i], g[i], b[i]);
+        if (e < emin) {
+          emin = e;
+          mean = i;
+        }
+      }
+
+      flags |= mean << shifter;
+      block[0] = block[1] = block[8] = block[9] = enc->q4colors[mean];
+
+      src += 2;
+      block += 2;
+    }
+    src += (enc->mve->width * 2) - 8;
+    block += 8;
+  }
+
+  apx->data[8] = flags & 0x000000FF;
+  apx->data[9] = (flags & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
+  apx->data[10] = (flags & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
+  apx->data[11] = (flags & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
+
+  apx->error =
+      mve_block_error_packed (enc->mve, src - 8 * enc->mve->width, apx->block);
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x9b (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 4-color encoding for 2x1 solid blocks (16 bytes) */
+  guint32 e, emin;
+  guint i, x, y, mean = 0;
+  guint8 r[4], g[4], b[4], rb, gb, bb;
+  guint8 *data = apx->data;
+  guint16 *block = apx->block;
+  guint shifter = 0;
+  guint32 flags = 0;
+
+  /* calculate mean colors for the entire block */
+  if (!enc->q4available) {
+    enc->q4error =
+        mve_quantize (enc->mve, src, 8, 8, 0, 4, enc->q4block, enc->q4colors);
+    enc->q4available = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  /* p[0] & 0x8000 && !(p[2] & 0x8000) */
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[0], enc->q4colors[0] | 0x8000);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[2], enc->q4colors[1]);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[4], enc->q4colors[2] & ~0x8000);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[6], enc->q4colors[3]);
+  data += 8;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    r[i] = MVE_RVAL (enc->q4colors[i]);
+    g[i] = MVE_GVAL (enc->q4colors[i]);
+    b[i] = MVE_BVAL (enc->q4colors[i]);
+  }
+
+  /* calculate mean colors for each 2x1 block and map to global colors */
+  for (y = 0; y < 8; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x, shifter += 2) {
+      rb = (MVE_RVAL (src[0]) + MVE_RVAL (src[1]) + 1) / 2;
+      gb = (MVE_GVAL (src[0]) + MVE_GVAL (src[1]) + 1) / 2;
+      bb = (MVE_BVAL (src[0]) + MVE_BVAL (src[1]) + 1) / 2;
+
+      emin = MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+        e = mve_color_dist_rgb (rb, gb, bb, r[i], g[i], b[i]);
+        if (e < emin) {
+          emin = e;
+          mean = i;
+        }
+      }
+
+      flags |= mean << shifter;
+      block[0] = block[1] = enc->q4colors[mean];
+
+      src += 2;
+      block += 2;
+    }
+
+    if ((y == 3) || (y == 7)) {
+      data[0] = flags & 0x000000FF;
+      data[1] = (flags & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
+      data[2] = (flags & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
+      data[3] = (flags & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
+      data += 4;
+
+      flags = 0;
+      shifter = 0;
+    }
+
+    src += enc->mve->width - 8;
+  }
+
+  apx->error =
+      mve_block_error_packed (enc->mve, src - 8 * enc->mve->width, apx->block);
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x9c (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 4-color encoding for 1x2 solid blocks (16 bytes) */
+  guint16 p2;
+  guint32 e, emin;
+  guint i, x, y, mean = 0;
+  guint8 r[4], g[4], b[4], rb, gb, bb;
+  guint8 *data = apx->data;
+  guint16 *block = apx->block;
+  guint shifter = 0;
+  guint32 flags = 0;
+
+  /* calculate mean colors for the entire block */
+  if (!enc->q4available) {
+    enc->q4error =
+        mve_quantize (enc->mve, src, 8, 8, 0, 4, enc->q4block, enc->q4colors);
+    enc->q4available = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  /* p[0] & 0x8000 && p[2] & 0x8000 */
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[0], enc->q4colors[0] | 0x8000);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[2], enc->q4colors[1]);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[4], enc->q4colors[2] | 0x8000);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[6], enc->q4colors[3]);
+  data += 8;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    r[i] = MVE_RVAL (enc->q4colors[i]);
+    g[i] = MVE_GVAL (enc->q4colors[i]);
+    b[i] = MVE_BVAL (enc->q4colors[i]);
+  }
+
+  /* calculate mean colors for each 1x2 block and map to global colors */
+  for (y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < 8; ++x, shifter += 2) {
+      p2 = src[enc->mve->width];
+      rb = (MVE_RVAL (src[0]) + MVE_RVAL (p2) + 1) / 2;
+      gb = (MVE_GVAL (src[0]) + MVE_GVAL (p2) + 1) / 2;
+      bb = (MVE_BVAL (src[0]) + MVE_BVAL (p2) + 1) / 2;
+
+      emin = MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+      for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+        e = mve_color_dist_rgb (rb, gb, bb, r[i], g[i], b[i]);
+        if (e < emin) {
+          emin = e;
+          mean = i;
+        }
+      }
+
+      flags |= mean << shifter;
+      block[0] = block[8] = enc->q4colors[mean];
+
+      ++src;
+      ++block;
+    }
+
+    if ((y == 1) || (y == 3)) {
+      data[0] = flags & 0x000000FF;
+      data[1] = (flags & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
+      data[2] = (flags & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
+      data[3] = (flags & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
+      data += 4;
+
+      flags = 0;
+      shifter = 0;
+    }
+
+    src += (enc->mve->width * 2) - 8;
+    block += 8;
+  }
+
+  apx->error =
+      mve_block_error_packed (enc->mve, src - 8 * enc->mve->width, apx->block);
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0x9d (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* generic 4-color encoding (24 bytes) */
+  guint32 flags = 0;
+  guint shifter = 0;
+  guint i, x, y;
+  guint8 *data = apx->data;
+  guint16 *block = apx->block;
+
+  if (!enc->q4available) {
+    enc->q4error =
+        mve_quantize (enc->mve, src, 8, 8, 0, 4, enc->q4block, enc->q4colors);
+    enc->q4available = TRUE;
+  }
+
+  memcpy (block, enc->q4block, 128);
+
+  /* !(p[0] & 0x8000) && !(p[2] & 0x8000) */
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[0], enc->q4colors[0] & ~0x8000);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[2], enc->q4colors[1]);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[4], enc->q4colors[2] & ~0x8000);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[6], enc->q4colors[3]);
+  data += 8;
+
+  for (y = 0; y < 8; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < 8; ++x, shifter += 2) {
+
+      for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i) {
+        if (*block == enc->q4colors[i])
+          break;
+      }
+
+      flags |= i << shifter;
+      ++block;
+    }
+
+    data[0] = flags & 0x000000FF;
+    data[1] = (flags & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
+    data += 2;
+    shifter = 0;
+    flags = 0;
+  }
+
+  apx->error = enc->q4error;
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0xaa (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 4-color encoding for top and bottom half (32 bytes) */
+  guint16 cols[4];
+  guint32 flags;
+  guint i, j, x, y, shifter;
+  guint16 *block = apx->block;
+  guint8 *data = apx->data;
+
+  apx->error = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    apx->error += mve_quantize (enc->mve, src, 8, 4, i, 4, apx->block, cols);
+
+    flags = 0;
+    shifter = 0;
+
+    /* p0 & 0x8000 && p4 & 0x8000 */
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[0], cols[0] | 0x8000);
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[2], cols[1]);
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[4], cols[2]);
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[6], cols[3]);
+    data += 8;
+
+    for (y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
+      for (x = 0; x < 8; ++x, shifter += 2) {
+        for (j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
+          if (block[x] == cols[j])
+            break;
+        }
+        flags |= j << shifter;
+      }
+      block += 8;
+
+      if ((y == 1) || (y == 3)) {
+        data[0] = flags & 0x000000FF;
+        data[1] = (flags & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
+        data[2] = (flags & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
+        data[3] = (flags & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
+        data += 4;
+        flags = 0;
+        shifter = 0;
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0xab (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 4-color encoding for left and right half (32 bytes) */
+  guint16 cols[4];
+  guint32 flags;
+  guint i, j, x, y, shifter;
+  guint16 *block = apx->block;
+  guint8 *data = apx->data;
+
+  apx->error = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 2; ++i) {
+    apx->error += mve_quantize (enc->mve, src, 4, 8, i, 4, apx->block, cols);
+
+    flags = 0;
+    shifter = 0;
+
+    /* p0 & 0x8000 && !(p4 & 0x8000) */
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[0], (cols[0] & ~0x8000) | (0x8000 * (i ^ 1)));
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[2], cols[1]);
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[4], cols[2]);
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[6], cols[3]);
+    data += 8;
+
+    for (y = 0; y < 8; ++y) {
+      for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x, shifter += 2) {
+        for (j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
+          if (block[x] == cols[j])
+            break;
+        }
+        flags |= j << shifter;
+      }
+      block += 8;
+
+      if ((y == 3) || (y == 7)) {
+        data[0] = flags & 0x000000FF;
+        data[1] = (flags & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
+        data[2] = (flags & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
+        data[3] = (flags & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
+        data += 4;
+        flags = 0;
+        shifter = 0;
+      }
+    }
+    block = apx->block + 4;
+  }
+
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0xac (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 4-color encoding for each 4x4 quadrant (48 bytes) */
+  guint16 cols[4];
+  guint32 flags;
+  guint i, j, x, y, shifter;
+  guint16 *block;
+  guint8 *data = apx->data;
+
+  apx->error = 0;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    apx->error +=
+        mve_quantize (enc->mve, src, 4, 4, ((i & 1) << 1) | ((i & 2) >> 1), 4,
+        apx->block, cols);
+
+    /* !(p0 & 0x8000) */
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[0], cols[0] & ~0x8000);
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[2], cols[1]);
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[4], cols[2]);
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&data[6], cols[3]);
+
+    block = apx->block + ((i / 2) * 4) + ((i % 2) * 32);
+    flags = 0;
+    shifter = 0;
+
+    for (y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
+      for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x, shifter += 2) {
+        for (j = 0; j < 3; ++j) {
+          if (block[x] == cols[j])
+            break;
+        }
+        flags |= j << shifter;
+      }
+      block += 8;
+    }
+
+    data[8] = flags & 0x000000FF;
+    data[9] = (flags & 0x0000FF00) >> 8;
+    data[10] = (flags & 0x00FF0000) >> 16;
+    data[11] = (flags & 0xFF000000) >> 24;
+    data += 12;
+  }
+
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0xb (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 64-color encoding (each pixel in block is a different color) (128 bytes) */
+  guint i;
+
+  apx->error = 0;
+
+  mve_store_block (enc->mve, src, apx->block);
+  for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i)
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&apx->data[i << 1], apx->block[i]);
+
+  return 0;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0xc (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 16-color block encoding: each 2x2 block is a different color (32 bytes) */
+  guint i = 0, x, y;
+  const guint w = enc->mve->width;
+  guint16 r, g, b;
+
+  /* calculate median color for each 2x2 block */
+  for (y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x) {
+      r = MVE_RVAL (src[0]) + MVE_RVAL (src[1]) +
+          MVE_RVAL (src[w]) + MVE_RVAL (src[w + 1]) + 2;
+      g = MVE_GVAL (src[0]) + MVE_GVAL (src[1]) +
+          MVE_GVAL (src[w]) + MVE_GVAL (src[w + 1]) + 2;
+      b = MVE_BVAL (src[0]) + MVE_BVAL (src[1]) +
+          MVE_BVAL (src[w]) + MVE_BVAL (src[w + 1]) + 2;
+      apx->block[i] = apx->block[i + 1] = apx->block[i + 2] =
+          apx->block[i + 3] = MVE_COL (r >> 2, g >> 2, b >> 2);
+      GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&apx->data[i >> 1], apx->block[i]);
+
+      i += 4;
+      src += 2;
+    }
+    src += (w * 2) - 8;
+  }
+
+  apx->error = mve_block_error_packed (enc->mve, src - (8 * w), apx->block);
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0xd (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 4-color block encoding: each 4x4 block is a different color (8 bytes) */
+  guint i, x, y;
+  guint16 *block;
+
+  /* calculate median color for each 4x4 block */
+  for (i = 0; i < 4; ++i) {
+    guint16 median =
+        mve_median_sub (enc->mve, src, 4, 4, ((i & 1) << 1) | ((i & 2) >> 1));
+
+    block = apx->block + ((i / 2) * 4) + ((i % 2) * 32);
+    for (y = 0; y < 4; ++y) {
+      for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x) {
+        block[x] = median;
+      }
+      block += 8;
+    }
+
+    GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&apx->data[i << 1], median);
+  }
+
+  apx->error = mve_block_error_packed (enc->mve, src, apx->block);
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0xe (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 1-color encoding: the whole block is 1 solid color (2 bytes) */
+  guint i;
+  guint16 median = mve_median (enc->mve, src);
+
+  for (i = 0; i < 64; ++i)
+    apx->block[i] = median;
+
+  apx->error = mve_block_error_packed (enc->mve, src, apx->block);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (apx->data, median);
+
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+static guint32
+mve_encode_0xf (GstMveEncoderData * enc, const guint16 * src,
+    GstMveApprox * apx)
+{
+  /* 2 colors dithered encoding (4 bytes) */
+  guint i, x, y;
+  guint32 r[2] = { 0 }, g[2] = {
+  0}, b[2] = {
+  0};
+  guint16 col[2];
+
+  /* find medians for both colors */
+  for (y = 0; y < 8; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < 8; x += 2) {
+      guint16 p = src[x];
+
+      r[y & 1] += MVE_RVAL (p);
+      g[y & 1] += MVE_GVAL (p);
+      b[y & 1] += MVE_BVAL (p);
+
+      p = src[x + 1];
+      r[(y & 1) ^ 1] += MVE_RVAL (p);
+      g[(y & 1) ^ 1] += MVE_GVAL (p);
+      b[(y & 1) ^ 1] += MVE_BVAL (p);
+    }
+    src += enc->mve->width;
+  }
+  col[0] = MVE_COL ((r[0] + 16) / 32, (g[0] + 16) / 32, (b[0] + 16) / 32);
+  col[1] = MVE_COL ((r[1] + 16) / 32, (g[1] + 16) / 32, (b[1] + 16) / 32);
+
+  /* store block after encoding */
+  for (i = 0, y = 0; y < 8; ++y) {
+    for (x = 0; x < 4; ++x) {
+      apx->block[i++] = col[y & 1];
+      apx->block[i++] = col[(y & 1) ^ 1];
+    }
+  }
+
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&apx->data[0], col[0]);
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (&apx->data[2], col[1]);
+  apx->error = mve_block_error_packed (enc->mve,
+      src - (8 * enc->mve->width), apx->block);
+  return apx->error;
+}
+
+/* all available encodings in the preferred order,
+   i.e. in ascending encoded size */
+static const GstMveEncoding mve_encodings[] = {
+  {0x1, 0, mve_encode_0x1},
+  {0x0, 0, mve_encode_0x0},
+  {0x3, 1, mve_encode_0x3},
+  {0x4, 1, mve_encode_0x4},
+  {0x2, 1, mve_encode_0x2},
+  {0xe, 2, mve_encode_0xe},
+  {0x5, 2, mve_encode_0x5},
+  {0xf, 4, mve_encode_0xf},
+  {0x7, 6, mve_encode_0x7a},
+  {0xd, 8, mve_encode_0xd},
+  {0x7, 12, mve_encode_0x7b},
+  {0x9, 12, mve_encode_0x9a},
+  {0x9, 16, mve_encode_0x9b},
+  {0x9, 16, mve_encode_0x9c},
+  {0x8, 16, mve_encode_0x8a},
+  {0x8, 16, mve_encode_0x8b},
+  {0x8, 24, mve_encode_0x8c},
+  {0x9, 24, mve_encode_0x9d},
+  {0xc, 32, mve_encode_0xc},
+  {0xa, 32, mve_encode_0xaa},
+  {0xa, 32, mve_encode_0xab},
+  {0xa, 48, mve_encode_0xac},
+  {0xb, 128, mve_encode_0xb}
+};
+
+static gboolean
+mve_reorder_solution (GArray ** solution, guint16 n)
+{
+  /* do a binary search to find the position to reinsert the modified element */
+  /* the block we need to reconsider is always at position 0 */
+  /* return TRUE if this block only has 1 encoding left and can be dropped */
+  if (mve_comp_solution (&solution[0], &solution[1]) <= 0)
+    return FALSE;               /* already sorted */
+
+  else if (solution[0]->len <= 1)
+    /* drop this element from further calculations since we cannot improve here */
+    return TRUE;
+
+  else {
+    /* we know the error value can only get worse, so we can actually start at 1 */
+    guint lower = 1;
+    guint upper = n - 1;
+    gint cmp;
+    guint idx = 0;
+
+    while (upper > lower) {
+      idx = lower + ((upper - lower) / 2);
+
+      cmp = mve_comp_solution (&solution[0], &solution[idx]);
+
+      if (cmp < 0) {
+        upper = idx;
+      } else if (cmp > 0) {
+        lower = ++idx;
+      } else {
+        upper = lower = idx;
+      }
+    }
+
+    if (idx > 0) {
+      /* rearrange array members in new order */
+      GArray *a = solution[0];
+
+      memcpy (&solution[0], &solution[1], sizeof (GArray *) * idx);
+      solution[idx] = a;
+    }
+  }
+  return FALSE;
+}
+
+static guint32
+gst_mve_find_solution (GArray ** approx, guint16 n, guint32 size, guint16 max)
+{
+  /* build an array of approximations we can shuffle around */
+  GstMveApprox *sol_apx;
+  GArray **solution = g_malloc (sizeof (GArray *) * n);
+  GArray **current = solution;
+
+  memcpy (solution, approx, sizeof (GArray *) * n);
+
+  qsort (solution, n, sizeof (GArray *), mve_comp_solution);
+
+  do {
+    /* array is now sorted by error of the next to optimal approximation;
+       drop optimal approximation for the best block */
+
+    /* unable to reduce size further */
+    if (current[0]->len <= 1)
+      break;
+
+    sol_apx = &g_array_index (current[0], GstMveApprox, current[0]->len - 1);
+    size -= mve_encodings[sol_apx->type].size;
+    g_array_remove_index_fast (current[0], current[0]->len - 1);
+    sol_apx = &g_array_index (current[0], GstMveApprox, current[0]->len - 1);
+    size += mve_encodings[sol_apx->type].size;
+
+    if (mve_reorder_solution (current, n)) {
+      ++current;
+      --n;
+    }
+  } while (size > max);
+
+  g_free (solution);
+
+  return size;
+}
+
+GstFlowReturn
+mve_encode_frame16 (GstMveMux * mve, GstBuffer * frame, guint16 max_data)
+{
+  guint16 *src;
+  GstFlowReturn ret = GST_FLOW_ERROR;
+  guint8 *cm = mve->chunk_code_map;
+  GByteArray *pstream;
+  GArray **approx;
+  GstMveApprox apx;
+  GstMveEncoderData enc;
+  const guint16 blocks = (mve->width * mve->height) / 64;
+  guint32 encoded_size = 2;     /* two initial bytes for the offset */
+  guint i = 0, x, y;
+
+  src = (guint16 *) GST_BUFFER_DATA (frame);
+
+  approx = g_malloc (sizeof (GArray *) * blocks);
+
+  enc.mve = mve;
+
+  for (enc.y = 0; enc.y < mve->height; enc.y += 8) {
+    for (enc.x = 0; enc.x < mve->width; enc.x += 8) {
+      guint32 err, last_err = MVE_APPROX_MAX_ERROR;
+      guint type = 0;
+      guint best = 0;
+
+      enc.q2available = enc.q4available = FALSE;
+      approx[i] = g_array_new (FALSE, FALSE, sizeof (GstMveApprox));
+
+      do {
+        err = mve_encodings[type].approx (&enc, src, &apx);
+
+        if (err < last_err) {
+          apx.type = best = type;
+          g_array_append_val (approx[i], apx);
+          last_err = err;
+        }
+
+        ++type;
+      } while (last_err != 0);
+
+      encoded_size += mve_encodings[best].size;
+      ++i;
+      src += 8;
+    }
+    src += 7 * mve->width;
+  }
+
+  /* find best solution with size constraints */
+  GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (mve, "encoded frame %u in %ld bytes (lossless)",
+      mve->video_frames + 1, encoded_size);
+
+#if 0
+  /* FIXME */
+  src = (guint16 *) GST_BUFFER_DATA (frame);
+  for (i = 0, y = 0; y < mve->height; y += 8) {
+    for (x = 0; x < mve->width; x += 8, ++i) {
+      GstMveApprox *sol =
+          &g_array_index (approx[i], GstMveApprox, approx[i]->len - 1);
+      guint opcode = mve_encodings[sol->type].opcode;
+      guint j, k;
+
+      if (sol->error > 0)
+        GST_WARNING_OBJECT (mve, "error is %lu for %d/%d (0x%x)", sol->error, x,
+            y, opcode);
+
+      for (j = 0; j < 8; ++j) {
+        guint16 *o = src + j * mve->width;
+        guint16 *c = sol->block + j * 8;
+
+        if (memcmp (o, c, 16)) {
+          GST_WARNING_OBJECT (mve, "opcode 0x%x (type %d) at %d/%d, line %d:",
+              opcode, sol->type, x, y, j + 1);
+          for (k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
+            o = src + k * mve->width;
+            c = sol->block + k * 8;
+            GST_WARNING_OBJECT (mve,
+                "%d should be: %4d  %4d  %4d  %4d  %4d  %4d  %4d  %4d", k, o[0],
+                o[1], o[2], o[3], o[4], o[5], o[6], o[7]);
+            GST_WARNING_OBJECT (mve,
+                "%d but is   : %4d  %4d  %4d  %4d  %4d  %4d  %4d  %4d", k, c[0],
+                c[1], c[2], c[3], c[4], c[5], c[6], c[7]);
+          }
+        }
+      }
+      src += 8;
+    }
+    src += 7 * mve->width;
+  }
+#endif
+
+  if (encoded_size > max_data) {
+    encoded_size =
+        gst_mve_find_solution (approx, blocks, encoded_size, max_data);
+    if (encoded_size > max_data) {
+      GST_ERROR_OBJECT (mve, "unable to compress frame to less than %d bytes",
+          encoded_size);
+      for (i = 0; i < blocks; ++i)
+        g_array_free (approx[i], TRUE);
+
+      goto done;
+    }
+    GST_DEBUG_OBJECT (mve, "compressed frame %u to %ld bytes (lossy)",
+        mve->video_frames + 1, encoded_size);
+  }
+
+  mve->chunk_video = g_byte_array_sized_new (encoded_size);
+  /* reserve two bytes for the offset pointer we'll fill in later */
+  g_byte_array_set_size (mve->chunk_video, 2);
+
+  pstream = g_byte_array_new ();
+
+  /* encode */
+  src = (guint16 *) GST_BUFFER_DATA (frame);
+  for (i = 0, y = 0; y < mve->height; y += 8) {
+    for (x = 0; x < mve->width; x += 8, ++i) {
+      GstMveApprox *sol =
+          &g_array_index (approx[i], GstMveApprox, approx[i]->len - 1);
+      guint opcode = mve_encodings[sol->type].opcode;
+      GByteArray *dest;
+
+      if (opcode >= 0x2 && opcode <= 0x4)
+        dest = pstream;
+      else
+        dest = mve->chunk_video;
+
+      g_byte_array_append (dest, sol->data, mve_encodings[sol->type].size);
+
+      if (i & 1) {
+        *cm |= opcode << 4;
+        ++cm;
+      } else
+        *cm = opcode;
+
+      /* modify the frame to match the image we actually encoded */
+      if (sol->error > 0)
+        mve_restore_block (mve, src, sol->block);
+
+      src += 8;
+      g_array_free (approx[i], TRUE);
+    }
+    src += 7 * mve->width;
+  }
+
+  /* now update the offset */
+  GST_WRITE_UINT16_LE (mve->chunk_video->data, mve->chunk_video->len);
+  g_byte_array_append (mve->chunk_video, pstream->data, pstream->len);
+  g_byte_array_free (pstream, TRUE);
+
+  ret = GST_FLOW_OK;
+
+done:
+  g_free (approx);
+
+  return ret;
+}