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diff --git a/include/pugl/detail/win_cairo.c b/include/pugl/detail/win_cairo.c
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+/*
+ Copyright 2012-2020 David Robillard <d@drobilla.net>
+
+ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+/**
+ @file win_cairo.c
+ @brief Cairo graphics backend for Windows.
+*/
+
+#include "pugl/detail/stub.h"
+#include "pugl/detail/types.h"
+#include "pugl/detail/win.h"
+#include "pugl/pugl_cairo.h"
+
+#include <cairo-win32.h>
+#include <cairo.h>
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+ cairo_surface_t* surface;
+ cairo_t* cr;
+ HDC drawDc;
+ HBITMAP drawBitmap;
+} PuglWinCairoSurface;
+
+static PuglStatus
+puglWinCairoCreateDrawContext(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglWinCairoSurface* const surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ surface->drawDc = CreateCompatibleDC(impl->hdc);
+ surface->drawBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(
+ impl->hdc, (int)view->frame.width, (int)view->frame.height);
+
+ DeleteObject(SelectObject(surface->drawDc, surface->drawBitmap));
+
+ return PUGL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static PuglStatus
+puglWinCairoDestroyDrawContext(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglWinCairoSurface* const surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ DeleteDC(surface->drawDc);
+ DeleteObject(surface->drawBitmap);
+
+ surface->drawDc = NULL;
+ surface->drawBitmap = NULL;
+
+ return PUGL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static PuglStatus
+puglWinCairoConfigure(PuglView* view)
+{
+ const PuglStatus st = puglWinStubConfigure(view);
+
+ if (!st) {
+ view->impl->surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)calloc(
+ 1, sizeof(PuglWinCairoSurface));
+ }
+
+ return st;
+}
+
+static void
+puglWinCairoClose(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglWinCairoSurface* const surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ cairo_surface_destroy(surface->surface);
+
+ surface->surface = NULL;
+}
+
+static PuglStatus
+puglWinCairoOpen(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglWinCairoSurface* const surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ cairo_status_t st = CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+ if (!(surface->surface = cairo_win32_surface_create(surface->drawDc)) ||
+ (st = cairo_surface_status(surface->surface)) ||
+ !(surface->cr = cairo_create(surface->surface)) ||
+ (st = cairo_status(surface->cr))) {
+ return PUGL_CREATE_CONTEXT_FAILED;
+ }
+
+ return PUGL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static PuglStatus
+puglWinCairoDestroy(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglWinCairoSurface* const surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ puglWinCairoClose(view);
+ puglWinCairoDestroyDrawContext(view);
+ free(surface);
+ impl->surface = NULL;
+
+ return PUGL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static PuglStatus
+puglWinCairoEnter(PuglView* view, const PuglEventExpose* expose)
+{
+ PuglStatus st = PUGL_SUCCESS;
+
+ if (expose &&
+ !(st = puglWinCairoCreateDrawContext(view)) &&
+ !(st = puglWinCairoOpen(view))) {
+ PAINTSTRUCT ps;
+ BeginPaint(view->impl->hwnd, &ps);
+ }
+
+ return st;
+}
+
+static PuglStatus
+puglWinCairoLeave(PuglView* view, const PuglEventExpose* expose)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglWinCairoSurface* const surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ if (expose) {
+ cairo_surface_flush(surface->surface);
+ BitBlt(impl->hdc,
+ 0, 0, (int)view->frame.width, (int)view->frame.height,
+ surface->drawDc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
+
+ puglWinCairoClose(view);
+ puglWinCairoDestroyDrawContext(view);
+
+ PAINTSTRUCT ps;
+ EndPaint(view->impl->hwnd, &ps);
+ }
+
+ return PUGL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void*
+puglWinCairoGetContext(PuglView* view)
+{
+ return ((PuglWinCairoSurface*)view->impl->surface)->cr;
+}
+
+const PuglBackend*
+puglCairoBackend()
+{
+ static const PuglBackend backend = {puglWinCairoConfigure,
+ puglStubCreate,
+ puglWinCairoDestroy,
+ puglWinCairoEnter,
+ puglWinCairoLeave,
+ puglWinCairoGetContext};
+
+ return &backend;
+}