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diff --git a/include/pugl/detail/x11_cairo.c b/include/pugl/detail/x11_cairo.c
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+/*
+ Copyright 2012-2020 David Robillard <d@drobilla.net>
+
+ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+/**
+ @file x11_cairo.c
+ @brief Cairo graphics backend for X11.
+*/
+
+#include "pugl/detail/types.h"
+#include "pugl/detail/x11.h"
+#include "pugl/pugl.h"
+#include "pugl/pugl_cairo.h"
+
+#include <X11/Xutil.h>
+#include <cairo-xlib.h>
+#include <cairo.h>
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+ cairo_surface_t* back;
+ cairo_surface_t* front;
+ cairo_t* cr;
+} PuglX11CairoSurface;
+
+static void
+puglX11CairoClose(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglX11CairoSurface* const surface = (PuglX11CairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ cairo_surface_destroy(surface->front);
+ cairo_surface_destroy(surface->back);
+ surface->front = surface->back = NULL;
+}
+
+static PuglStatus
+puglX11CairoOpen(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglX11CairoSurface* const surface = (PuglX11CairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ surface->back = cairo_xlib_surface_create(impl->display,
+ impl->win,
+ impl->vi->visual,
+ (int)view->frame.width,
+ (int)view->frame.height);
+
+ surface->front = cairo_surface_create_similar(
+ surface->back,
+ cairo_surface_get_content(surface->back),
+ (int)view->frame.width,
+ (int)view->frame.height);
+
+ if (cairo_surface_status(surface->back) ||
+ cairo_surface_status(surface->front)) {
+ puglX11CairoClose(view);
+ return PUGL_CREATE_CONTEXT_FAILED;
+ }
+
+ return PUGL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static PuglStatus
+puglX11CairoCreate(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+
+ impl->surface = (cairo_surface_t*)calloc(1, sizeof(PuglX11CairoSurface));
+
+ return PUGL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static PuglStatus
+puglX11CairoDestroy(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglX11CairoSurface* const surface = (PuglX11CairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ puglX11CairoClose(view);
+ free(surface);
+
+ return PUGL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static PuglStatus
+puglX11CairoEnter(PuglView* view, const PuglEventExpose* expose)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglX11CairoSurface* const surface = (PuglX11CairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+ PuglStatus st = PUGL_SUCCESS;
+
+ if (expose && !(st = puglX11CairoOpen(view))) {
+ surface->cr = cairo_create(surface->front);
+
+ if (cairo_status(surface->cr)) {
+ st = PUGL_CREATE_CONTEXT_FAILED;
+ }
+ }
+
+ return st;
+}
+
+static PuglStatus
+puglX11CairoLeave(PuglView* view, const PuglEventExpose* expose)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglX11CairoSurface* const surface = (PuglX11CairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ if (expose) {
+ // Destroy front context and create a new one for drawing to the back
+ cairo_destroy(surface->cr);
+ surface->cr = cairo_create(surface->back);
+
+ // Clip to expose region
+ cairo_rectangle(surface->cr,
+ expose->x,
+ expose->y,
+ expose->width,
+ expose->height);
+ cairo_clip(surface->cr);
+
+ // Paint front onto back
+ cairo_set_source_surface(surface->cr, surface->front, 0, 0);
+ cairo_paint(surface->cr);
+
+ // Flush to X and close everything
+ cairo_destroy(surface->cr);
+ cairo_surface_flush(surface->back);
+ puglX11CairoClose(view);
+ surface->cr = NULL;
+ }
+
+ return PUGL_SUCCESS;
+}
+
+static void*
+puglX11CairoGetContext(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglX11CairoSurface* const surface = (PuglX11CairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ return surface->cr;
+}
+
+const PuglBackend*
+puglCairoBackend(void)
+{
+ static const PuglBackend backend = {puglX11StubConfigure,
+ puglX11CairoCreate,
+ puglX11CairoDestroy,
+ puglX11CairoEnter,
+ puglX11CairoLeave,
+ puglX11CairoGetContext};
+
+ return &backend;
+}