/*
  Copyright 2019-2020 David Robillard <http://drobilla.net>

  Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
  purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
  copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.

  THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
  WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
  MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
  ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
  WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
  ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
  OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
*/

/**
   @file pugl_vulkan_cxx_demo.cpp
   @brief An example of drawing with Vulkan.

   This is an example of using Vulkan for pixel-perfect 2D drawing.  It uses
   the same data and shaders as pugl_shader_demo.c and attempts to draw the
   same thing, except using Vulkan.

   Since Vulkan is a complicated and very verbose API, this example is
   unfortunately much larger than the others.  You should not use this as a
   resource to learn Vulkan, but it provides a decent demo of using Vulkan with
   Pugl that works nicely on all supported platforms.
*/

#include "demo_utils.h"
#include "rects.h"
#include "test/test_utils.h"

#include "sybok.hpp"

#include "pugl/pugl.h"
#include "pugl/pugl.hpp"
#include "pugl/pugl.ipp" // IWYU pragma: keep
#include "pugl/vulkan.hpp"

#include <vulkan/vk_platform.h>
#include <vulkan/vulkan_core.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <cassert>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <iomanip>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <vector>

namespace {

constexpr uintptr_t resizeTimerId = 1u;

struct PhysicalDeviceSelection {
	sk::PhysicalDevice physicalDevice;
	uint32_t           graphicsFamilyIndex;
};

/// Basic Vulkan context associated with the window
struct VulkanContext {
	VkResult init(pugl::VulkanLoader& loader, const PuglTestOptions& opts);

	sk::VulkanApi              vk;
	sk::Instance               instance;
	sk::DebugReportCallbackEXT debugCallback;
};

/// Basic setup of graphics device
struct GraphicsDevice {
	VkResult init(const pugl::VulkanLoader& loader,
	              const VulkanContext&      context,
	              pugl::View&               view,
	              const PuglTestOptions&    opts);

	sk::SurfaceKHR     surface;
	sk::PhysicalDevice physicalDevice{};
	uint32_t           graphicsIndex{};
	VkSurfaceFormatKHR surfaceFormat{};
	VkPresentModeKHR   presentMode{};
	VkPresentModeKHR   resizePresentMode{};
	sk::Device         device{};
	sk::Queue          graphicsQueue{};
	sk::CommandPool    commandPool{};
};

/// Buffer allocated on the GPU
struct Buffer {
	VkResult init(const sk::VulkanApi&  vk,
	              const GraphicsDevice& gpu,
	              VkDeviceSize          size,
	              VkBufferUsageFlags    usage,
	              VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties);

	sk::Buffer       buffer;
	sk::DeviceMemory deviceMemory;
};

/// A set of frames that can be rendered concurrently
struct Swapchain {
	VkResult init(const sk::VulkanApi&     vk,
	              const GraphicsDevice&    gpu,
	              VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities,
	              VkExtent2D               extent,
	              VkSwapchainKHR           oldSwapchain,
	              bool                     resizing);

	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR   capabilities{};
	VkExtent2D                 extent{};
	sk::SwapchainKHR           swapchain{};
	std::vector<sk::ImageView> imageViews{};
};

/// A pass that renders to a target
struct RenderPass {
	VkResult init(const sk::VulkanApi&  vk,
	              const GraphicsDevice& gpu,
	              const Swapchain&      swapchain);

	sk::RenderPass                                   renderPass;
	std::vector<sk::Framebuffer>                     framebuffers;
	sk::CommandBuffers<std::vector<VkCommandBuffer>> commandBuffers;
};

/// Uniform buffer for constant data used in shaders
struct UniformBufferObject {
	mat4 projection;
};

/// Rectangle data that does not depend on renderer configuration
struct RectData {
	VkResult
	init(const sk::VulkanApi& vk, const GraphicsDevice& gpu, size_t nRects);

	sk::DescriptorSetLayout descriptorSetLayout{};
	Buffer                  uniformBuffer{};
	sk::MappedMemory        uniformData{};
	Buffer                  modelBuffer{};
	Buffer                  instanceBuffer{};
	sk::MappedMemory        vertexData{};
	size_t                  numRects{};
};

/// Shader modules for drawing rectangles
struct RectShaders {
	VkResult init(const sk::VulkanApi& vk, const GraphicsDevice& gpu);

	sk::ShaderModule vert{};
	sk::ShaderModule frag{};
};

/// A pipeline to render rectangles with our shaders
struct RectPipeline {
	VkResult init(const sk::VulkanApi&  vk,
	              const GraphicsDevice& gpu,
	              const RectData&       rectData,
	              const RectShaders&    shaders,
	              const Swapchain&      swapchain,
	              const RenderPass&     renderPass);

	sk::DescriptorPool                               descriptorPool{};
	sk::DescriptorSets<std::vector<VkDescriptorSet>> descriptorSets{};
	sk::PipelineLayout                               pipelineLayout{};
	std::array<sk::Pipeline, 1>                      pipelines{};
	uint32_t                                         numImages{};
};

/// Synchronization primites used to coordinate drawing frames
struct RenderSync {
	VkResult
	init(const sk::VulkanApi& vk, const sk::Device& device, uint32_t numImages);

	std::vector<sk::Semaphore> imageAvailable{};
	std::vector<sk::Semaphore> renderFinished{};
	std::vector<sk::Fence>     inFlight{};
	size_t                     currentFrame{};
};

/// Renderer that owns the above and everything required to draw
struct Renderer {
	VkResult init(const sk::VulkanApi&  vk,
	              const GraphicsDevice& gpu,
	              const RectData&       rectData,
	              const RectShaders&    rectShaders,
	              VkExtent2D            extent,
	              bool                  resizing);

	VkResult recreate(const sk::VulkanApi&  vk,
	                  const sk::SurfaceKHR& surface,
	                  const GraphicsDevice& gpu,
	                  const RectData&       rectData,
	                  const RectShaders&    rectShaders,
	                  VkExtent2D            extent,
	                  bool                  resizing);

	Swapchain    swapchain;
	RenderPass   renderPass;
	RectPipeline rectPipeline;
	RenderSync   sync;
};

VkResult
selectSurfaceFormat(const sk::VulkanApi&      vk,
                    const sk::PhysicalDevice& physicalDevice,
                    const sk::SurfaceKHR&     surface,
                    VkSurfaceFormatKHR&       surfaceFormat)
{
	std::vector<VkSurfaceFormatKHR> formats;
	if (VkResult r = vk.getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physicalDevice,
	                                                       surface,
	                                                       formats)) {
		return r;
	}

	for (const auto& format : formats) {
		if (format.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_UNORM &&
		    format.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR) {
			surfaceFormat = format;
			return VK_SUCCESS;
		}
	}

	return VK_ERROR_FORMAT_NOT_SUPPORTED;
}

VkResult
selectPresentMode(const sk::VulkanApi&      vk,
                  const sk::PhysicalDevice& physicalDevice,
                  const sk::SurfaceKHR&     surface,
                  const bool                multiBuffer,
                  const bool                sync,
                  VkPresentModeKHR&         presentMode)
{
	// Map command line options to mode priorities
	static constexpr VkPresentModeKHR priorities[][2][4] = {
	    {
	        // No double buffer, no sync
	        {VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR,
	         VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR,
	         VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR,
	         VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR},

	        // No double buffer, sync (nonsense, map to FIFO relaxed)
	        {VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR,
	         VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR,
	         VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR,
	         VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR},
	    },
	    {
	        // Double buffer, no sync
	        {
	            VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR,
	            VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR,
	            VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR,
	            VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR,
	        },

	        // Double buffer, sync
	        {VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR,
	         VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR,
	         VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR,
	         VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR},
	    },
	};

	std::vector<VkPresentModeKHR> modes;
	if (VkResult r = vk.getPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physicalDevice,
	                                                            surface,
	                                                            modes)) {
		return r;
	}

	const auto& tryModes = priorities[bool(multiBuffer)][bool(sync)];
	for (const auto m : tryModes) {
		if (std::find(modes.begin(), modes.end(), m) != modes.end()) {
			presentMode = m;
			return VK_SUCCESS;
		}
	}

	return VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DRIVER;
}

VkResult
openDevice(const sk::VulkanApi&      vk,
           const sk::PhysicalDevice& physicalDevice,
           const uint32_t            graphicsFamilyIndex,
           sk::Device&               device)
{
	const float       graphicsQueuePriority = 1.0f;
	const char* const swapchainName         = "VK_KHR_swapchain";

	const VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queueCreateInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    0u,
	    graphicsFamilyIndex,
	    SK_COUNTED(1u, &graphicsQueuePriority),
	};

	const VkDeviceCreateInfo createInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO,
	                                    nullptr,
	                                    0u,
	                                    SK_COUNTED(1u, &queueCreateInfo),
	                                    SK_COUNTED(0u, nullptr), // Deprecated
	                                    SK_COUNTED(1u, &swapchainName),
	                                    nullptr};

	return vk.createDevice(physicalDevice, createInfo, device);
}

/// Return whether the physical device supports the extensions we require
VkResult
deviceSupportsRequiredExtensions(const sk::VulkanApi&      vk,
                                 const sk::PhysicalDevice& device,
                                 bool&                     supported)
{
	VkResult r = VK_SUCCESS;

	std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> props;
	if ((r = vk.enumerateDeviceExtensionProperties(device, props))) {
		return r;
	}

	supported = std::any_of(props.begin(),
	                        props.end(),
	                        [&](const VkExtensionProperties& e) {
		                        return !strcmp(e.extensionName,
		                                       "VK_KHR_swapchain");
	                        });

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

/// Return the index of the graphics queue, if there is one
VkResult
findGraphicsQueue(const sk::VulkanApi&      vk,
                  const sk::SurfaceKHR&     surface,
                  const sk::PhysicalDevice& device,
                  uint32_t&                 queueIndex)
{
	VkResult r = VK_SUCCESS;

	std::vector<VkQueueFamilyProperties> queueProps;
	if ((r = vk.getPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(device, queueProps))) {
		return r;
	}

	for (uint32_t q = 0u; q < queueProps.size(); ++q) {
		if (queueProps[q].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
			bool supported = false;
			if ((r = vk.getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(
			         device, q, surface, supported))) {
				return r;
			}

			if (supported) {
				queueIndex = q;
				return VK_SUCCESS;
			}
		}
	}

	return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
}

/// Select a physical graphics device to use (simply the first found)
VkResult
selectPhysicalDevice(const sk::VulkanApi&     vk,
                     const sk::Instance&      instance,
                     const sk::SurfaceKHR&    surface,
                     PhysicalDeviceSelection& selection)
{
	VkResult r = VK_SUCCESS;

	std::vector<sk::PhysicalDevice> devices;
	if ((r = vk.enumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, devices))) {
		return r;
	}

	for (const auto& device : devices) {
		auto supported = false;
		if ((r = deviceSupportsRequiredExtensions(vk, device, supported))) {
			return r;
		}

		if (supported) {
			auto queueIndex = 0u;
			if ((r = findGraphicsQueue(vk, surface, device, queueIndex))) {
				return r;
			}

			selection = PhysicalDeviceSelection{device, queueIndex};
			return VK_SUCCESS;
		}
	}

	return VK_ERROR_INCOMPATIBLE_DISPLAY_KHR;
}

VkResult
GraphicsDevice::init(const pugl::VulkanLoader& loader,
                     const VulkanContext&      context,
                     pugl::View&               view,
                     const PuglTestOptions&    opts)
{
	const auto& vk = context.vk;
	VkResult    r  = VK_SUCCESS;

	// Create a Vulkan surface for the window using the Pugl API
	VkSurfaceKHR surfaceHandle = {};
	if ((r = pugl::createSurface(
	         loader, view, context.instance, nullptr, &surfaceHandle))) {
		return r;
	}

	// Wrap surface in a safe RAII handle
	surface = sk::SurfaceKHR{surfaceHandle,
	                         {context.instance, vk.vkDestroySurfaceKHR}};

	PhysicalDeviceSelection physicalDeviceSelection = {};
	// Select a physical device to use
	if ((r = selectPhysicalDevice(
	         vk, context.instance, surface, physicalDeviceSelection))) {
		return r;
	}

	physicalDevice = physicalDeviceSelection.physicalDevice;
	graphicsIndex  = physicalDeviceSelection.graphicsFamilyIndex;

	if ((r = selectSurfaceFormat(vk, physicalDevice, surface, surfaceFormat)) ||
	    (r = selectPresentMode(vk,
	                           physicalDevice,
	                           surface,
	                           opts.doubleBuffer,
	                           opts.sync,
	                           presentMode)) ||
	    (r = selectPresentMode(
	         vk, physicalDevice, surface, true, false, resizePresentMode)) ||
	    (r = openDevice(vk, physicalDevice, graphicsIndex, device))) {
		return r;
	}

	const VkCommandPoolCreateInfo commandPoolInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_POOL_CREATE_INFO, nullptr, {}, graphicsIndex};

	if ((r = vk.createCommandPool(device, commandPoolInfo, commandPool))) {
		return r;
	}

	graphicsQueue = vk.getDeviceQueue(device, graphicsIndex, 0);
	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

uint32_t
findMemoryType(const sk::VulkanApi&         vk,
               const sk::PhysicalDevice&    physicalDevice,
               const uint32_t               typeFilter,
               const VkMemoryPropertyFlags& properties)
{
	VkPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties memProperties =
	    vk.getPhysicalDeviceMemoryProperties(physicalDevice);

	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < memProperties.memoryTypeCount; ++i) {
		if ((typeFilter & (1 << i)) &&
		    (memProperties.memoryTypes[i].propertyFlags & properties) ==
		        properties) {
			return i;
		}
	}

	return UINT32_MAX;
}

VkResult
Buffer::init(const sk::VulkanApi&        vk,
             const GraphicsDevice&       gpu,
             const VkDeviceSize          size,
             const VkBufferUsageFlags    usage,
             const VkMemoryPropertyFlags properties)
{
	const VkBufferCreateInfo bufferInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
	                                    nullptr,
	                                    {},
	                                    size,
	                                    usage,
	                                    VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
	                                    SK_COUNTED(0, nullptr)};

	const auto& device = gpu.device;

	VkResult r = VK_SUCCESS;
	if ((r = vk.createBuffer(device, bufferInfo, buffer))) {
		return r;
	}

	const auto requirements    = vk.getBufferMemoryRequirements(device, buffer);
	const auto memoryTypeIndex = findMemoryType(vk,
	                                            gpu.physicalDevice,
	                                            requirements.memoryTypeBits,
	                                            properties);

	if (memoryTypeIndex == UINT32_MAX) {
		return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
	}

	const VkMemoryAllocateInfo allocInfo{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_MEMORY_ALLOCATE_INFO,
	                                     nullptr,
	                                     requirements.size,
	                                     memoryTypeIndex};

	if ((r = vk.allocateMemory(device, allocInfo, deviceMemory)) ||
	    (r = vk.bindBufferMemory(device, buffer, deviceMemory, 0))) {
		return r;
	}

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

VkResult
Swapchain::init(const sk::VulkanApi&           vk,
                const GraphicsDevice&          gpu,
                const VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR surfaceCapabilities,
                const VkExtent2D               surfaceExtent,
                VkSwapchainKHR                 oldSwapchain,
                bool                           resizing)
{
	capabilities = surfaceCapabilities;
	extent       = surfaceExtent;

	const auto minNumImages = (!capabilities.maxImageCount ||
	                           capabilities.maxImageCount >= 3u)
	                              ? 3u
	                              : capabilities.maxImageCount;

	const VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swapchainCreateInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR,
	    nullptr,
	    {},
	    gpu.surface,
	    minNumImages,
	    gpu.surfaceFormat.format,
	    gpu.surfaceFormat.colorSpace,
	    surfaceExtent,
	    1,
	    (VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT | VK_IMAGE_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT),
	    VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
	    SK_COUNTED(0, nullptr),
	    capabilities.currentTransform,
	    VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR,
	    resizing ? gpu.resizePresentMode : gpu.presentMode,
	    VK_TRUE,
	    oldSwapchain};

	VkResult             r = VK_SUCCESS;
	std::vector<VkImage> images;
	if ((r = vk.createSwapchainKHR(gpu.device,
	                               swapchainCreateInfo,
	                               swapchain)) ||
	    (r = vk.getSwapchainImagesKHR(gpu.device, swapchain, images))) {
		return r;
	}

	imageViews = std::vector<sk::ImageView>(images.size());
	for (size_t i = 0; i < images.size(); ++i) {
		const VkImageViewCreateInfo imageViewCreateInfo{
		    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_VIEW_CREATE_INFO,
		    nullptr,
		    {},
		    images[i],
		    VK_IMAGE_VIEW_TYPE_2D,
		    gpu.surfaceFormat.format,
		    {},
		    {VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT, 0, 1, 0, 1}};

		if ((r = vk.createImageView(gpu.device,
		                            imageViewCreateInfo,
		                            imageViews[i]))) {
			return r;
		}
	}

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

VkResult
RenderPass::init(const sk::VulkanApi&  vk,
                 const GraphicsDevice& gpu,
                 const Swapchain&      swapchain)
{
	const auto numImages = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapchain.imageViews.size());

	assert(numImages > 0);

	// Create command buffers
	const VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo commandBufferAllocateInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    gpu.commandPool,
	    VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
	    numImages};

	VkResult r = VK_SUCCESS;
	if ((r = vk.allocateCommandBuffers(gpu.device,
	                                   commandBufferAllocateInfo,
	                                   commandBuffers))) {
		return r;
	}

	static constexpr VkAttachmentReference colorAttachmentRef{
	    0, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OPTIMAL};

	static constexpr VkSubpassDescription subpass{
	    {},
	    VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
	    SK_COUNTED(0, nullptr),
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &colorAttachmentRef, nullptr, nullptr),
	    SK_COUNTED(0u, nullptr)};

	static constexpr VkSubpassDependency dependency{
	    VK_SUBPASS_EXTERNAL,
	    0,
	    VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
	    VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_OUTPUT_BIT,
	    (VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_READ_BIT |
	     VK_ACCESS_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_WRITE_BIT),
	    {},
	    {}};

	const VkAttachmentDescription colorAttachment{
	    {},
	    gpu.surfaceFormat.format,
	    VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
	    VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_CLEAR,
	    VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_STORE,
	    VK_ATTACHMENT_LOAD_OP_DONT_CARE,
	    VK_ATTACHMENT_STORE_OP_DONT_CARE,
	    VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_UNDEFINED,
	    VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PRESENT_SRC_KHR,
	};

	const VkRenderPassCreateInfo renderPassCreateInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_CREATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    {},
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &colorAttachment),
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &subpass),
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &dependency)};

	if ((r = vk.createRenderPass(gpu.device,
	                             renderPassCreateInfo,
	                             renderPass))) {
		return r;
	}

	// Create framebuffers
	framebuffers = std::vector<sk::Framebuffer>(numImages);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numImages; ++i) {
		const VkFramebufferCreateInfo framebufferCreateInfo{
		    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FRAMEBUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
		    nullptr,
		    {},
		    renderPass,
		    SK_COUNTED(1, &swapchain.imageViews[i].get()),
		    swapchain.extent.width,
		    swapchain.extent.height,
		    1};

		if ((r = vk.createFramebuffer(gpu.device,
		                              framebufferCreateInfo,
		                              framebuffers[i]))) {
			return r;
		}
	}

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

std::vector<uint32_t>
readFile(const std::string& filename)
{
	std::unique_ptr<FILE, decltype(&fclose)> file{fopen(filename.c_str(), "rb"),
	                                              &fclose};

	if (!file) {
		return {};
	}

	fseek(file.get(), 0, SEEK_END);
	const auto fileSize = static_cast<size_t>(ftell(file.get()));
	fseek(file.get(), 0, SEEK_SET);

	const auto            numWords = fileSize / sizeof(uint32_t);
	std::vector<uint32_t> buffer(numWords);

	fread(buffer.data(), sizeof(uint32_t), numWords, file.get());

	return buffer;
}

VkResult
createShaderModule(const sk::VulkanApi&         vk,
                   const GraphicsDevice&        gpu,
                   const std::vector<uint32_t>& code,
                   sk::ShaderModule&            shaderModule)
{
	const VkShaderModuleCreateInfo createInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SHADER_MODULE_CREATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    {},
	    code.size() * sizeof(uint32_t),
	    code.data()};

	return vk.createShaderModule(gpu.device, createInfo, shaderModule);
}

VkResult
RectShaders::init(const sk::VulkanApi& vk, const GraphicsDevice& gpu)
{
	auto vertShaderCode = readFile("build/shaders/rect.vert.spv");
	auto fragShaderCode = readFile("build/shaders/rect.frag.spv");

	if (vertShaderCode.empty() || fragShaderCode.empty()) {
		return VK_ERROR_INITIALIZATION_FAILED;
	}

	VkResult r = VK_SUCCESS;
	if ((r = createShaderModule(vk, gpu, vertShaderCode, vert)) ||
	    (r = createShaderModule(vk, gpu, fragShaderCode, frag))) {
		return r;
	}

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

VkResult
RectPipeline::init(const sk::VulkanApi&  vk,
                   const GraphicsDevice& gpu,
                   const RectData&       rectData,
                   const RectShaders&    shaders,
                   const Swapchain&      swapchain,
                   const RenderPass&     renderPass)
{
	const auto oldNumImages = numImages;
	VkResult   r            = VK_SUCCESS;

	numImages      = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapchain.imageViews.size());
	pipelines      = {};
	pipelineLayout = {};
	descriptorSets = {};

	if (numImages != oldNumImages) {
		// Create layout descriptor pool

		const VkDescriptorPoolSize poolSize{VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
		                                    numImages};

		const VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo descriptorPoolCreateInfo{
		    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
		    nullptr,
		    VK_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_FREE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_BIT,
		    numImages,
		    1u,
		    &poolSize};
		if ((r = vk.createDescriptorPool(gpu.device,
		                                 descriptorPoolCreateInfo,
		                                 descriptorPool))) {
			return r;
		}
	}

	const std::vector<VkDescriptorSetLayout> layouts(
	    numImages, rectData.descriptorSetLayout.get());

	const VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo descriptorSetAllocateInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    descriptorPool,
	    numImages,
	    layouts.data()};
	if ((r = vk.allocateDescriptorSets(gpu.device,
	                                   descriptorSetAllocateInfo,
	                                   descriptorSets))) {
		return r;
	}

	const VkDescriptorBufferInfo bufferInfo{rectData.uniformBuffer.buffer,
	                                        0,
	                                        sizeof(UniformBufferObject)};

	const std::array<VkWriteDescriptorSet, 1> descriptorWrites{
	    {{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
	      nullptr,
	      descriptorSets[0],
	      0,
	      0,
	      1,
	      VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
	      nullptr,
	      &bufferInfo,
	      nullptr}}};

	const std::array<VkCopyDescriptorSet, 0> descriptorCopies{};

	vk.updateDescriptorSets(gpu.device, descriptorWrites, descriptorCopies);

	static constexpr std::array<VkVertexInputAttributeDescription, 4>
	    vertexAttributeDescriptions{
	        {// Model
	         {0u, 0u, VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT, 0},

	         // Rect instance attributes
	         {1u, 1u, VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT, offsetof(Rect, pos)},
	         {2u, 1u, VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT, offsetof(Rect, size)},
	         {3u,
	          1u,
	          VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
	          offsetof(Rect, fillColor)}}};

	static constexpr std::array<VkVertexInputBindingDescription, 2>
	    vertexBindingDescriptions{
	        VkVertexInputBindingDescription{0,
	                                        sizeof(vec2),
	                                        VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX},
	        VkVertexInputBindingDescription{1u,
	                                        sizeof(Rect),
	                                        VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE}};

	static constexpr VkPipelineInputAssemblyStateCreateInfo inputAssembly{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_INPUT_ASSEMBLY_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    {},
	    VK_PRIMITIVE_TOPOLOGY_TRIANGLE_STRIP,
	    false};

	static constexpr VkPipelineRasterizationStateCreateInfo rasterizer{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_RASTERIZATION_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    {},
	    0,
	    0,
	    VK_POLYGON_MODE_FILL,
	    VK_CULL_MODE_BACK_BIT,
	    VK_FRONT_FACE_CLOCKWISE,
	    0,
	    0,
	    0,
	    0,
	    1.0f};

	static constexpr VkPipelineMultisampleStateCreateInfo multisampling{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_MULTISAMPLE_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    {},
	    VK_SAMPLE_COUNT_1_BIT,
	    false,
	    0.0f,
	    nullptr,
	    false,
	    false};

	static constexpr VkPipelineColorBlendAttachmentState colorBlendAttachment{
	    true,
	    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_SRC_ALPHA,
	    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA,
	    VK_BLEND_OP_ADD,
	    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ONE,
	    VK_BLEND_FACTOR_ZERO,
	    VK_BLEND_OP_ADD,
	    (VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_R_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_G_BIT |
	     VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_B_BIT | VK_COLOR_COMPONENT_A_BIT)};

	const VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shaderStages[] = {
	    {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
	     nullptr,
	     {},
	     VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
	     shaders.vert.get(),
	     "main",
	     nullptr},
	    {VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
	     nullptr,
	     {},
	     VK_SHADER_STAGE_FRAGMENT_BIT,
	     shaders.frag.get(),
	     "main",
	     nullptr}};

	const VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo vertexInputInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    {},
	    SK_COUNTED(static_cast<uint32_t>(vertexBindingDescriptions.size()),
	               vertexBindingDescriptions.data()),
	    SK_COUNTED(static_cast<uint32_t>(vertexAttributeDescriptions.size()),
	               vertexAttributeDescriptions.data())};

	const VkViewport viewport{0.0f,
	                          0.0f,
	                          float(swapchain.extent.width),
	                          float(swapchain.extent.height),
	                          0.0f,
	                          1.0f};

	const VkRect2D scissor{{0, 0}, swapchain.extent};

	const VkPipelineViewportStateCreateInfo viewportState{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VIEWPORT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    {},
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &viewport),
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &scissor)};

	const VkPipelineColorBlendStateCreateInfo colorBlending{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_COLOR_BLEND_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    {},
	    false,
	    VK_LOGIC_OP_COPY,
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &colorBlendAttachment),
	    {1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f}};

	const VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo layoutInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    {},
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &rectData.descriptorSetLayout.get()),
	    SK_COUNTED(0, nullptr)};

	if ((r = vk.createPipelineLayout(gpu.device, layoutInfo, pipelineLayout))) {
		return r;
	}

	const std::array<VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo, 1> pipelineInfos{
	    {{VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
	      nullptr,
	      {},
	      SK_COUNTED(2, shaderStages),
	      &vertexInputInfo,
	      &inputAssembly,
	      nullptr,
	      &viewportState,
	      &rasterizer,
	      &multisampling,
	      nullptr,
	      &colorBlending,
	      nullptr,
	      pipelineLayout,
	      renderPass.renderPass,
	      0u,
	      {},
	      0}}};

	if ((r = vk.createGraphicsPipelines(
	         gpu.device, {}, pipelineInfos, pipelines))) {
		return r;
	}

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

VkResult
RectData::init(const sk::VulkanApi&  vk,
               const GraphicsDevice& gpu,
               const size_t          nRects)
{
	numRects = nRects;

	static constexpr VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding uboLayoutBinding{
	    0,
	    VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
	    1,
	    VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
	    nullptr};

	const VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo descriptorSetLayoutInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    {},
	    1,
	    &uboLayoutBinding};

	VkResult r = VK_SUCCESS;
	if ((r = vk.createDescriptorSetLayout(gpu.device,
	                                      descriptorSetLayoutInfo,
	                                      descriptorSetLayout)) ||
	    (r = uniformBuffer.init(vk,
	                            gpu,
	                            sizeof(UniformBufferObject),
	                            VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
	                            VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT |
	                                VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT)) ||
	    (r = vk.mapMemory(gpu.device,
	                      uniformBuffer.deviceMemory,
	                      0,
	                      sizeof(UniformBufferObject),
	                      {},
	                      uniformData))) {
		return r;
	}

	const VkBufferUsageFlags usageFlags = (VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT |
	                                       VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT |
	                                       VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT);

	const VkMemoryPropertyFlags propertyFlags =
	    (VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_VISIBLE_BIT |
	     VK_MEMORY_PROPERTY_HOST_COHERENT_BIT);

	if ((r = modelBuffer.init(
	         vk, gpu, sizeof(rectVertices), usageFlags, propertyFlags))) {
		return r;
	}

	{
		// Copy model vertices (directly, we do this only once)
		sk::MappedMemory modelData;
		if ((r = vk.mapMemory(gpu.device,
		                      modelBuffer.deviceMemory,
		                      0,
		                      static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(sizeof(rectVertices)),
		                      {},
		                      modelData))) {
			return r;
		}

		memcpy(modelData.get(), rectVertices, sizeof(rectVertices));
	}

	if ((r = instanceBuffer.init(
	         vk, gpu, sizeof(Rect) * numRects, usageFlags, propertyFlags))) {
		return r;
	}

	// Map attribute vertices (we will update them every frame)
	const auto rectsSize = static_cast<VkDeviceSize>(sizeof(Rect) * numRects);
	if ((r = vk.mapMemory(gpu.device,
	                      instanceBuffer.deviceMemory,
	                      0,
	                      rectsSize,
	                      {},
	                      vertexData))) {
		return r;
	}

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

VkResult
RenderSync::init(const sk::VulkanApi& vk,
                 const sk::Device&    device,
                 const uint32_t       numImages)
{
	const auto maxInFlight = std::max(1u, numImages - 1u);
	VkResult   r           = VK_SUCCESS;

	imageAvailable = std::vector<sk::Semaphore>(numImages);
	renderFinished = std::vector<sk::Semaphore>(numImages);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < numImages; ++i) {
		static constexpr VkSemaphoreCreateInfo semaphoreInfo{
		    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SEMAPHORE_CREATE_INFO, nullptr, {}};

		if ((r = vk.createSemaphore(device,
		                            semaphoreInfo,
		                            imageAvailable[i])) ||
		    (r = vk.createSemaphore(device,
		                            semaphoreInfo,
		                            renderFinished[i]))) {
			return r;
		}
	}

	inFlight = std::vector<sk::Fence>(maxInFlight);
	for (uint32_t i = 0; i < maxInFlight; ++i) {
		static constexpr VkFenceCreateInfo fenceInfo{
		    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_FENCE_CREATE_INFO,
		    nullptr,
		    VK_FENCE_CREATE_SIGNALED_BIT};

		if ((r = vk.createFence(device, fenceInfo, inFlight[i]))) {
			return r;
		}
	}

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

VkResult
Renderer::init(const sk::VulkanApi&  vk,
               const GraphicsDevice& gpu,
               const RectData&       rectData,
               const RectShaders&    rectShaders,
               const VkExtent2D      extent,
               bool                  resizing)
{
	VkResult                 r            = VK_SUCCESS;
	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities = {};

	if ((r = vk.getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(gpu.physicalDevice,
	                                                    gpu.surface,
	                                                    capabilities)) ||
	    (r = swapchain.init(vk, gpu, capabilities, extent, {}, resizing)) ||
	    (r = renderPass.init(vk, gpu, swapchain)) ||
	    (r = rectPipeline.init(
	         vk, gpu, rectData, rectShaders, swapchain, renderPass))) {
		return r;
	}

	const auto numFrames = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapchain.imageViews.size());
	return sync.init(vk, gpu.device, numFrames);
}

VkResult
Renderer::recreate(const sk::VulkanApi&  vk,
                   const sk::SurfaceKHR& surface,
                   const GraphicsDevice& gpu,
                   const RectData&       rectData,
                   const RectShaders&    rectShaders,
                   const VkExtent2D      extent,
                   bool                  resizing)
{
	VkResult   r            = VK_SUCCESS;
	const auto oldNumImages = swapchain.imageViews.size();

	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities = {};
	if ((r = vk.getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(gpu.physicalDevice,
	                                                    surface,
	                                                    capabilities)) ||
	    (r = swapchain.init(
	         vk, gpu, capabilities, extent, swapchain.swapchain, resizing)) ||
	    (r = renderPass.init(vk, gpu, swapchain)) ||
	    (r = rectPipeline.init(
	         vk, gpu, rectData, rectShaders, swapchain, renderPass))) {
		return r;
	}

	const auto numFrames = static_cast<uint32_t>(swapchain.imageViews.size());
	if (swapchain.imageViews.size() != oldNumImages) {
		return sync.init(vk, gpu.device, numFrames);
	}

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

VKAPI_ATTR
VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL
debugCallback(VkDebugReportFlagsEXT flags,
              VkDebugReportObjectTypeEXT,
              uint64_t,
              size_t,
              int32_t,
              const char* layerPrefix,
              const char* msg,
              void*)
{
	std::cerr << sk::string(static_cast<VkDebugReportFlagBitsEXT>(flags))
	          << ": " << layerPrefix << ": " << msg << std::endl;

	return VK_FALSE;
}

bool
hasExtension(const char*                               name,
             const std::vector<VkExtensionProperties>& properties)
{
	for (const auto& p : properties) {
		if (!strcmp(p.extensionName, name)) {
			return true;
		}
	}

	return false;
}

bool
hasLayer(const char* name, const std::vector<VkLayerProperties>& properties)
{
	for (const auto& p : properties) {
		if (!strcmp(p.layerName, name)) {
			return true;
		}
	}

	return false;
}

template<class Value>
void
logInfo(const char* heading, const Value& value)
{
	std::cout << std::setw(26) << std::left << (std::string(heading) + ":")
	          << value << std::endl;
}

VkResult
createInstance(sk::VulkanInitApi&     initApi,
               const PuglTestOptions& opts,
               sk::Instance&          instance)
{
	VkResult r = VK_SUCCESS;

	std::vector<VkLayerProperties>     layerProps;
	std::vector<VkExtensionProperties> extProps;
	if ((r = initApi.enumerateInstanceLayerProperties(layerProps)) ||
	    (r = initApi.enumerateInstanceExtensionProperties(extProps))) {
		return r;
	}

	const auto puglExtensions = pugl::getInstanceExtensions();
	auto       extensions     = std::vector<const char*>(puglExtensions.begin(),
                                               puglExtensions.end());

	// Add extra extensions we want to use if they are supported
	if (hasExtension("VK_EXT_debug_report", extProps)) {
		extensions.push_back("VK_EXT_debug_report");
	}

	// Add validation layers if error checking is enabled
	std::vector<const char*> layers;
	if (opts.errorChecking) {
		for (const char* l : {"VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation",
		                      "VK_LAYER_LUNARG_standard_validation"}) {
			if (hasLayer(l, layerProps)) {
				layers.push_back(l);
			}
		}
	}

	for (const auto& e : extensions) {
		logInfo("Using instance extension", e);
	}

	for (const auto& l : layers) {
		logInfo("Using instance layer", l);
	}

	static constexpr VkApplicationInfo appInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    "Pugl Vulkan Demo",
	    0,
	    nullptr,
	    0,
	    VK_MAKE_VERSION(1, 0, 0),
	};

	const VkInstanceCreateInfo createInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    VkInstanceCreateFlags{},
	    &appInfo,
	    SK_COUNTED(uint32_t(layers.size()), layers.data()),
	    SK_COUNTED(uint32_t(extensions.size()), extensions.data())};

	return initApi.createInstance(createInfo, instance);
}

VkResult
getDebugReportCallback(sk::VulkanApi&              api,
                       sk::Instance&               instance,
                       const bool                  verbose,
                       sk::DebugReportCallbackEXT& callback)
{
	if (api.vkCreateDebugReportCallbackEXT) {
		VkDebugReportFlagsEXT flags =
		    (VK_DEBUG_REPORT_WARNING_BIT_EXT |
		     VK_DEBUG_REPORT_PERFORMANCE_WARNING_BIT_EXT |
		     VK_DEBUG_REPORT_ERROR_BIT_EXT);

		if (verbose) {
			flags |= VK_DEBUG_REPORT_INFORMATION_BIT_EXT;
			flags |= VK_DEBUG_REPORT_DEBUG_BIT_EXT;
		}

		const VkDebugReportCallbackCreateInfoEXT createInfo{
		    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_REPORT_CREATE_INFO_EXT,
		    nullptr,
		    flags,
		    debugCallback,
		    nullptr};

		return api.createDebugReportCallbackEXT(instance, createInfo, callback);
	}

	return VK_ERROR_FEATURE_NOT_PRESENT;
}

void
recordCommandBuffer(sk::CommandScope&   cmd,
                    const Swapchain&    swapchain,
                    const RenderPass&   renderPass,
                    const RectPipeline& rectPipeline,
                    const RectData&     rectData,
                    const size_t        imageIndex)
{
	const VkClearColorValue clearColorValue{{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}};
	const VkClearValue      clearValue{clearColorValue};

	const VkRenderPassBeginInfo renderPassBegin{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    renderPass.renderPass,
	    renderPass.framebuffers[imageIndex],
	    VkRect2D{{0, 0}, swapchain.extent},
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &clearValue)};

	auto pass = cmd.beginRenderPass(renderPassBegin,
	                                VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);

	pass.bindPipeline(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
	                  rectPipeline.pipelines[0]);

	const std::array<VkDeviceSize, 1> offsets{0};
	pass.bindVertexBuffers(
	    0u, SK_COUNTED(1u, &rectData.modelBuffer.buffer.get(), offsets.data()));

	pass.bindVertexBuffers(1u,
	                       SK_COUNTED(1u,
	                                  &rectData.instanceBuffer.buffer.get(),
	                                  offsets.data()));

	pass.bindDescriptorSets(VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS,
	                        rectPipeline.pipelineLayout,
	                        0u,
	                        SK_COUNTED(1u, rectPipeline.descriptorSets.get()),
	                        0u,
	                        nullptr);

	pass.draw(4u, static_cast<uint32_t>(rectData.numRects), 0u, 0u);
}

VkResult
recordCommandBuffers(const sk::VulkanApi& vk,
                     const Swapchain&     swapchain,
                     const RenderPass&    renderPass,
                     const RectPipeline&  rectPipeline,
                     const RectData&      rectData)
{
	VkResult r = VK_SUCCESS;

	for (size_t i = 0; i < swapchain.imageViews.size(); ++i) {
		const VkCommandBufferBeginInfo beginInfo{
		    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
		    nullptr,
		    VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_SIMULTANEOUS_USE_BIT,
		    nullptr};

		auto* const commandBuffer = renderPass.commandBuffers[i];
		auto        cmd = vk.beginCommandBuffer(commandBuffer, beginInfo);
		if (!cmd) {
			return cmd.error();
		}

		recordCommandBuffer(
		    cmd, swapchain, renderPass, rectPipeline, rectData, i);

		if ((r = cmd.end())) {
			return r;
		}
	}

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

class PuglVulkanDemo;

class View : public pugl::View
{
public:
	View(pugl::World& world, PuglVulkanDemo& app)
	    : pugl::View{world}
	    , _app{app}
	{}

	pugl::Status onConfigure(const pugl::ConfigureEvent& event) override;
	pugl::Status onUpdate(const pugl::UpdateEvent& event) override;
	pugl::Status onExpose(const pugl::ExposeEvent& event) override;
	pugl::Status onLoopEnter(const pugl::LoopEnterEvent& event) override;
	pugl::Status onTimer(const pugl::TimerEvent& event) override;
	pugl::Status onLoopLeave(const pugl::LoopLeaveEvent& event) override;
	pugl::Status onKeyPress(const pugl::KeyPressEvent& event) override;
	pugl::Status onClose(const pugl::CloseEvent& event) override;

private:
	PuglVulkanDemo& _app;
};

class PuglVulkanDemo
{
public:
	PuglVulkanDemo(const PuglTestOptions& o, size_t numRects);

	PuglTestOptions    opts;
	pugl::World        world;
	pugl::VulkanLoader loader;
	View               view;
	VulkanContext      vulkan;
	GraphicsDevice     gpu;
	Renderer           renderer;
	RectData           rectData;
	RectShaders        rectShaders;
	uint32_t           framesDrawn{0};
	VkExtent2D         extent{512u, 512u};
	std::vector<Rect>  rects;
	bool               resizing{false};
	bool               quit{false};
};

std::vector<Rect>
makeRects(const size_t numRects, const uint32_t windowWidth)
{
	std::vector<Rect> rects(numRects);
	for (size_t i = 0; i < numRects; ++i) {
		rects[i] = makeRect(i, static_cast<float>(windowWidth));
	}

	return rects;
}

PuglVulkanDemo::PuglVulkanDemo(const PuglTestOptions& o, const size_t numRects)
    : opts{o}
    , world{pugl::WorldType::program,
            static_cast<pugl::WorldFlags>(pugl::WorldFlag::threads)} // FIXME?
    , loader{world}
    , view{world, *this}
    , rects{makeRects(numRects, extent.width)}
{}

VkResult
recreateRenderer(PuglVulkanDemo&       app,
                 const sk::VulkanApi&  vk,
                 const GraphicsDevice& gpu,
                 const VkExtent2D      extent,
                 const RectData&       rectData,
                 const RectShaders&    rectShaders)
{
	VkResult                 r            = VK_SUCCESS;
	VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities = {};
	if ((r = vk.getPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(gpu.physicalDevice,
	                                                    gpu.surface,
	                                                    capabilities))) {
		return r;
	}

	// There is a known race issue here, so we clamp and hope for the best
	const VkExtent2D clampedExtent{
	    std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.width,
	             std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.width, extent.width)),
	    std::min(capabilities.maxImageExtent.height,
	             std::max(capabilities.minImageExtent.height, extent.height))};

	if ((r = vk.deviceWaitIdle(gpu.device)) ||
	    (r = app.renderer.recreate(vk,
	                               gpu.surface,
	                               gpu,
	                               rectData,
	                               rectShaders,
	                               clampedExtent,
	                               app.resizing))) {
		return r;
	}

	// Reset current (initially signaled) fence because we already waited
	vk.resetFence(gpu.device,
	              app.renderer.sync.inFlight[app.renderer.sync.currentFrame]);

	// Record new command buffers
	return recordCommandBuffers(vk,
	                            app.renderer.swapchain,
	                            app.renderer.renderPass,
	                            app.renderer.rectPipeline,
	                            rectData);
}

pugl::Status
View::onConfigure(const pugl::ConfigureEvent& event)
{
	// We just record the size here and lazily resize the surface when exposed
	_app.extent = {static_cast<uint32_t>(event.width),
	               static_cast<uint32_t>(event.height)};

	return pugl::Status::success;
}

pugl::Status
View::onUpdate(const pugl::UpdateEvent&)
{
	return postRedisplay();
}

VkResult
beginFrame(PuglVulkanDemo& app, const sk::Device& device, uint32_t& imageIndex)
{
	const auto& vk = app.vulkan.vk;

	VkResult r = VK_SUCCESS;

	// Wait until we can start rendering the next frame
	if ((r = vk.waitForFence(
	         device,
	         app.renderer.sync.inFlight[app.renderer.sync.currentFrame])) ||
	    (r = vk.resetFence(
	         device,
	         app.renderer.sync.inFlight[app.renderer.sync.currentFrame]))) {
		return r;
	}

	// Rebuild the renderer first if the window size has changed
	if (app.extent.width != app.renderer.swapchain.extent.width ||
	    app.extent.height != app.renderer.swapchain.extent.height) {
		if ((r = recreateRenderer(app,
		                          vk,
		                          app.gpu,
		                          app.extent,
		                          app.rectData,
		                          app.rectShaders))) {
			return r;
		}
	}

	// Acquire the next image to render, rebuilding if necessary
	while (
	    (r = vk.acquireNextImageKHR(
	         device,
	         app.renderer.swapchain.swapchain,
	         UINT64_MAX,
	         app.renderer.sync.imageAvailable[app.renderer.sync.currentFrame],
	         {},
	         &imageIndex))) {
		switch (r) {
		case VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR:
		case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR:
			if ((r = recreateRenderer(app,
			                          vk,
			                          app.gpu,
			                          app.renderer.swapchain.extent,
			                          app.rectData,
			                          app.rectShaders))) {
				return r;
			}
			continue;
		default:
			return r;
		}
	}

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

void
update(PuglVulkanDemo& app, const double time)
{
	// Animate rectangles
	for (size_t i = 0; i < app.rects.size(); ++i) {
		moveRect(&app.rects[i],
		         i,
		         app.rects.size(),
		         static_cast<float>(app.extent.width),
		         static_cast<float>(app.extent.height),
		         time);
	}

	// Update vertex buffer
	memcpy(app.rectData.vertexData.get(),
	       app.rects.data(),
	       sizeof(Rect) * app.rects.size());

	// Update uniform buffer
	UniformBufferObject ubo = {{}};
	mat4Ortho(ubo.projection,
	          0.0f,
	          float(app.renderer.swapchain.extent.width),
	          0.0f,
	          float(app.renderer.swapchain.extent.height),
	          -1.0f,
	          1.0f);

	memcpy(app.rectData.uniformData.get(), &ubo, sizeof(ubo));
}

VkResult
endFrame(const sk::VulkanApi&  vk,
         const GraphicsDevice& gpu,
         const Renderer&       renderer,
         const uint32_t        imageIndex)
{
	const auto currentFrame = renderer.sync.currentFrame;
	VkResult   r            = VK_SUCCESS;

	static constexpr VkPipelineStageFlags waitStage =
	    VK_PIPELINE_STAGE_TRANSFER_BIT;

	const VkSubmitInfo submitInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
	    nullptr,
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &renderer.sync.imageAvailable[currentFrame].get()),
	    &waitStage,
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &renderer.renderPass.commandBuffers[imageIndex]),
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &renderer.sync.renderFinished[imageIndex].get())};

	if ((r = vk.queueSubmit(gpu.graphicsQueue,
	                        submitInfo,
	                        renderer.sync.inFlight[currentFrame]))) {
		return r;
	}

	const VkPresentInfoKHR presentInfo{
	    VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PRESENT_INFO_KHR,
	    nullptr,
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &renderer.sync.renderFinished[imageIndex].get()),
	    SK_COUNTED(1, &renderer.swapchain.swapchain.get(), &imageIndex),
	    nullptr};

	switch ((r = vk.queuePresentKHR(gpu.graphicsQueue, presentInfo))) {
	case VK_SUCCESS:               // Sucessfully presented
	case VK_SUBOPTIMAL_KHR:        // Probably a resize race, ignore
	case VK_ERROR_OUT_OF_DATE_KHR: // Probably a resize race, ignore
		break;
	default:
		return r;
	}

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

pugl::Status
View::onExpose(const pugl::ExposeEvent&)
{
	const auto& vk  = _app.vulkan.vk;
	const auto& gpu = _app.gpu;

	// Acquire the next image, waiting and/or rebuilding if necessary
	auto nextImageIndex = 0u;
	if (beginFrame(_app, gpu.device, nextImageIndex)) {
		return pugl::Status::unknownError;
	}

	// Ready to go, update the data to the current time
	update(_app, world().time());

	// Submit the frame to the queue and present it
	endFrame(vk, gpu, _app.renderer, nextImageIndex);

	++_app.framesDrawn;
	++_app.renderer.sync.currentFrame;
	_app.renderer.sync.currentFrame %= _app.renderer.sync.inFlight.size();

	return pugl::Status::success;
}

pugl::Status
View::onLoopEnter(const pugl::LoopEnterEvent&)
{
	_app.resizing = true;
	startTimer(resizeTimerId,
	           1.0 / static_cast<double>(getHint(pugl::ViewHint::refreshRate)));

	return pugl::Status::success;
}

pugl::Status
View::onTimer(const pugl::TimerEvent&)
{
	return postRedisplay();
}

pugl::Status
View::onLoopLeave(const pugl::LoopLeaveEvent&)
{
	stopTimer(resizeTimerId);

	// Trigger a swapchain recreation with the normal present mode
	_app.renderer.swapchain.extent = {};
	_app.resizing                  = false;

	return pugl::Status::success;
}

pugl::Status
View::onKeyPress(const pugl::KeyPressEvent& event)
{
	if (event.key == PUGL_KEY_ESCAPE || event.key == 'q') {
		_app.quit = true;
	}

	return pugl::Status::success;
}

pugl::Status
View::onClose(const pugl::CloseEvent&)
{
	_app.quit = true;

	return pugl::Status::success;
}

VkResult
VulkanContext::init(pugl::VulkanLoader& loader, const PuglTestOptions& opts)
{
	VkResult r = VK_SUCCESS;

	sk::VulkanInitApi initApi{};

	// Load Vulkan API and set up the fundamentals
	if ((r = initApi.init(loader.getInstanceProcAddrFunc())) ||
	    (r = createInstance(initApi, opts, instance)) ||
	    (r = vk.init(initApi, instance)) ||
	    (r = getDebugReportCallback(
	         vk, instance, opts.verbose, debugCallback))) {
		return r;
	}

	return VK_SUCCESS;
}

int
run(const PuglTestOptions opts, const size_t numRects)
{
	PuglVulkanDemo app{opts, numRects};

	VkResult   r      = VK_SUCCESS;
	const auto width  = static_cast<int>(app.extent.width);
	const auto height = static_cast<int>(app.extent.height);

	// Realize window so we can set up Vulkan
	app.world.setClassName("PuglVulkanDemo");
	app.view.setWindowTitle("Pugl Vulkan Demo");
	app.view.setAspectRatio(1, 1, 16, 9);
	app.view.setDefaultSize(width, height);
	app.view.setMinSize(width / 4, height / 4);
	app.view.setBackend(pugl::vulkanBackend());
	app.view.setHint(pugl::ViewHint::resizable, opts.resizable);
	const pugl::Status st = app.view.realize();
	if (st != pugl::Status::success) {
		return logError("Failed to create window (%s)\n", pugl::strerror(st));
	}

	if (!app.loader) {
		return logError("Failed to load Vulkan library\n");
	}

	// Load Vulkan for the view
	if ((r = app.vulkan.init(app.loader, opts))) {
		return logError("Failed to set up Vulkan API (%s)\n", sk::string(r));
	}

	const auto& vk = app.vulkan.vk;

	// Set up the graphics device
	if ((r = app.gpu.init(app.loader, app.vulkan, app.view, opts))) {
		return logError("Failed to set up device (%s)\n", sk::string(r));
	}

	logInfo("Present mode", sk::string(app.gpu.presentMode));
	logInfo("Resize present mode", sk::string(app.gpu.resizePresentMode));

	// Set up the rectangle data we will render every frame
	if ((r = app.rectData.init(vk, app.gpu, app.rects.size()))) {
		return logError("Failed to allocate render data (%s)\n", sk::string(r));
	}

	// Load shader modules
	if ((r = app.rectShaders.init(vk, app.gpu))) {
		return logError("Failed to load shaders (%s)\n", sk::string(r));
	}

	if ((r = app.renderer.init(app.vulkan.vk,
	                           app.gpu,
	                           app.rectData,
	                           app.rectShaders,
	                           app.extent,
	                           false))) {
		return logError("Failed to create renderer (%s)\n", sk::string(r));
	}

	logInfo("Swapchain frames",
	        std::to_string(app.renderer.swapchain.imageViews.size()));
	logInfo("Frames in flight",
	        std::to_string(app.renderer.sync.inFlight.size()));

	recordCommandBuffers(app.vulkan.vk,
	                     app.renderer.swapchain,
	                     app.renderer.renderPass,
	                     app.renderer.rectPipeline,
	                     app.rectData);

	const int    refreshRate   = app.view.getHint(pugl::ViewHint::refreshRate);
	const double frameDuration = 1.0 / static_cast<double>(refreshRate);
	const double timeout       = app.opts.sync ? frameDuration : 0.0;

	PuglFpsPrinter fpsPrinter = {app.world.time()};
	app.view.showWindow();
	while (!app.quit) {
		app.world.update(timeout);
		puglPrintFps(app.world.cobj(), &fpsPrinter, &app.framesDrawn);
	}

	if ((r = app.vulkan.vk.deviceWaitIdle(app.gpu.device))) {
		return logError("Failed to wait for device idle (%s)\n", sk::string(r));
	}

	return 0;
}

} // namespace

int
main(int argc, char** argv)
{
	// Parse command line options
	const PuglTestOptions opts = puglParseTestOptions(&argc, &argv);
	if (opts.help) {
		puglPrintTestUsage(argv[0], "");
		return 0;
	}

	// Parse number of rectangles argument, if given
	int64_t numRects = 1000;
	if (argc >= 1) {
		char* endptr = nullptr;
		numRects     = strtol(argv[0], &endptr, 10);
		if (endptr != argv[0] + strlen(argv[0]) || numRects < 1) {
			logError("Invalid number of rectangles: %s\n", argv[0]);
			return 1;
		}
	}

	// Run application
	return run(opts, static_cast<size_t>(numRects));
}