/* Copyright 2012-2020 David Robillard Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE. */ /** @file pugl.h @brief Pugl API. */ #ifndef PUGL_PUGL_H #define PUGL_PUGL_H #include #include #include #ifdef PUGL_SHARED # ifdef _WIN32 # define PUGL_LIB_IMPORT __declspec(dllimport) # define PUGL_LIB_EXPORT __declspec(dllexport) # else # define PUGL_LIB_IMPORT __attribute__((visibility("default"))) # define PUGL_LIB_EXPORT __attribute__((visibility("default"))) # endif # ifdef PUGL_INTERNAL # define PUGL_API PUGL_LIB_EXPORT # else # define PUGL_API PUGL_LIB_IMPORT # endif #else # define PUGL_API #endif #ifndef PUGL_DISABLE_DEPRECATED # if defined(__clang__) # define PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY(rep) __attribute__((deprecated("", rep))) # elif defined(__GNUC__) # define PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY(rep) __attribute__((deprecated("Use " rep))) # else # define PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY(rep) # endif #endif #if defined(__GNUC__) # define PUGL_CONST_FUNC __attribute__((const)) #else # define PUGL_CONST_FUNC #endif #ifdef __cplusplus # define PUGL_BEGIN_DECLS extern "C" { # define PUGL_END_DECLS } #else # define PUGL_BEGIN_DECLS # define PUGL_END_DECLS #endif PUGL_BEGIN_DECLS /** @defgroup pugl Pugl A minimal portable API for embeddable GUIs. @{ @defgroup pugl_c C API Public C API. @{ */ /** A rectangle. This is used to describe things like view position and size. Pugl generally uses coordinates where the top left corner is 0,0. */ typedef struct { double x; double y; double width; double height; } PuglRect; /** @name Events All updates to the view happen via events, which are dispatched to the view's event function. Most events map directly to one from the underlying window system, but some are constructed by Pugl itself so there is not necessarily a direct correspondence. @{ */ /// Keyboard modifier flags typedef enum { PUGL_MOD_SHIFT = 1u << 0u, ///< Shift key PUGL_MOD_CTRL = 1u << 1u, ///< Control key PUGL_MOD_ALT = 1u << 2u, ///< Alt/Option key PUGL_MOD_SUPER = 1u << 3u ///< Mod4/Command/Windows key } PuglMod; /// Bitwise OR of #PuglMod values typedef uint32_t PuglMods; /** Keyboard key codepoints. All keys are identified by a Unicode code point in PuglEventKey::key. This enumeration defines constants for special keys that do not have a standard code point, and some convenience constants for control characters. Note that all keys are handled in the same way, this enumeration is just for convenience when writing hard-coded key bindings. Keys that do not have a standard code point use values in the Private Use Area in the Basic Multilingual Plane (`U+E000` to `U+F8FF`). Applications must take care to not interpret these values beyond key detection, the mapping used here is arbitrary and specific to Pugl. */ typedef enum { // ASCII control codes PUGL_KEY_BACKSPACE = 0x08, PUGL_KEY_ESCAPE = 0x1B, PUGL_KEY_DELETE = 0x7F, // Unicode Private Use Area PUGL_KEY_F1 = 0xE000, PUGL_KEY_F2, PUGL_KEY_F3, PUGL_KEY_F4, PUGL_KEY_F5, PUGL_KEY_F6, PUGL_KEY_F7, PUGL_KEY_F8, PUGL_KEY_F9, PUGL_KEY_F10, PUGL_KEY_F11, PUGL_KEY_F12, PUGL_KEY_LEFT, PUGL_KEY_UP, PUGL_KEY_RIGHT, PUGL_KEY_DOWN, PUGL_KEY_PAGE_UP, PUGL_KEY_PAGE_DOWN, PUGL_KEY_HOME, PUGL_KEY_END, PUGL_KEY_INSERT, PUGL_KEY_SHIFT, PUGL_KEY_SHIFT_L = PUGL_KEY_SHIFT, PUGL_KEY_SHIFT_R, PUGL_KEY_CTRL, PUGL_KEY_CTRL_L = PUGL_KEY_CTRL, PUGL_KEY_CTRL_R, PUGL_KEY_ALT, PUGL_KEY_ALT_L = PUGL_KEY_ALT, PUGL_KEY_ALT_R, PUGL_KEY_SUPER, PUGL_KEY_SUPER_L = PUGL_KEY_SUPER, PUGL_KEY_SUPER_R, PUGL_KEY_MENU, PUGL_KEY_CAPS_LOCK, PUGL_KEY_SCROLL_LOCK, PUGL_KEY_NUM_LOCK, PUGL_KEY_PRINT_SCREEN, PUGL_KEY_PAUSE } PuglKey; /// The type of a PuglEvent typedef enum { PUGL_NOTHING, ///< No event PUGL_CREATE, ///< View created, a #PuglEventCreate PUGL_DESTROY, ///< View destroyed, a #PuglEventDestroy PUGL_CONFIGURE, ///< View moved/resized, a #PuglEventConfigure PUGL_MAP, ///< View made visible, a #PuglEventMap PUGL_UNMAP, ///< View made invisible, a #PuglEventUnmap PUGL_UPDATE, ///< View ready to draw, a #PuglEventUpdate PUGL_EXPOSE, ///< View must be drawn, a #PuglEventExpose PUGL_CLOSE, ///< View will be closed, a #PuglEventClose PUGL_FOCUS_IN, ///< Keyboard focus entered view, a #PuglEventFocus PUGL_FOCUS_OUT, ///< Keyboard focus left view, a #PuglEventFocus PUGL_KEY_PRESS, ///< Key pressed, a #PuglEventKey PUGL_KEY_RELEASE, ///< Key released, a #PuglEventKey PUGL_TEXT, ///< Character entered, a #PuglEventText PUGL_POINTER_IN, ///< Pointer entered view, a #PuglEventCrossing PUGL_POINTER_OUT, ///< Pointer left view, a #PuglEventCrossing PUGL_BUTTON_PRESS, ///< Mouse button pressed, a #PuglEventButton PUGL_BUTTON_RELEASE, ///< Mouse button released, a #PuglEventButton PUGL_MOTION, ///< Pointer moved, a #PuglEventMotion PUGL_SCROLL, ///< Scrolled, a #PuglEventScroll PUGL_CLIENT, ///< Custom client message, a #PuglEventClient PUGL_TIMER, ///< Timer triggered, a #PuglEventTimer PUGL_LOOP_ENTER, ///< Recursive loop entered, a #PuglEventLoopEnter PUGL_LOOP_LEAVE, ///< Recursive loop left, a #PuglEventLoopLeave #ifndef PUGL_DISABLE_DEPRECATED PUGL_ENTER_NOTIFY PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("PUGL_POINTER_IN") = PUGL_POINTER_IN, PUGL_LEAVE_NOTIFY PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("PUGL_POINTER_OUT") = PUGL_POINTER_OUT, PUGL_MOTION_NOTIFY PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("PUGL_MOTION") = PUGL_MOTION, #endif } PuglEventType; /// Common flags for all event types typedef enum { PUGL_IS_SEND_EVENT = 1, ///< Event is synthetic PUGL_IS_HINT = 2 ///< Event is a hint (not direct user input) } PuglEventFlag; /// Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values typedef uint32_t PuglEventFlags; /// Reason for a PuglEventCrossing typedef enum { PUGL_CROSSING_NORMAL, ///< Crossing due to pointer motion PUGL_CROSSING_GRAB, ///< Crossing due to a grab PUGL_CROSSING_UNGRAB ///< Crossing due to a grab release } PuglCrossingMode; /** Scroll direction. Describes the direction of a #PuglEventScroll along with whether the scroll is a "smooth" scroll. The discrete directions are for devices like mouse wheels with constrained axes, while a smooth scroll is for those with arbitrary scroll direction freedom, like some touchpads. */ typedef enum { PUGL_SCROLL_UP, ///< Scroll up PUGL_SCROLL_DOWN, ///< Scroll down PUGL_SCROLL_LEFT, ///< Scroll left PUGL_SCROLL_RIGHT, ///< Scroll right PUGL_SCROLL_SMOOTH ///< Smooth scroll in any direction } PuglScrollDirection; /// Common header for all event structs typedef struct { PuglEventType type; ///< Event type PuglEventFlags flags; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values } PuglEventAny; /** View create event. This event is sent when a view is realized before it is first displayed, with the graphics context entered. This is typically used for setting up the graphics system, for example by loading OpenGL extensions. This event type has no extra fields. */ typedef PuglEventAny PuglEventCreate; /** View destroy event. This event is the counterpart to #PuglEventCreate, and it is sent when the view is being destroyed. This is typically used for tearing down the graphics system, or otherwise freeing any resources allocated when the create event was handled. This is the last event sent to any view, and immediately after it is processed, the view is destroyed and may no longer be used. This event type has no extra fields. */ typedef PuglEventAny PuglEventDestroy; /** View resize or move event. A configure event is sent whenever the view is resized or moved. When a configure event is received, the graphics context is active but not set up for drawing. For example, it is valid to adjust the OpenGL viewport or otherwise configure the context, but not to draw anything. */ typedef struct { PuglEventType type; ///< #PUGL_CONFIGURE PuglEventFlags flags; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values double x; ///< New parent-relative X coordinate double y; ///< New parent-relative Y coordinate double width; ///< New width double height; ///< New height } PuglEventConfigure; /** View show event. This event is sent when a view is mapped to the screen and made visible. This event type has no extra fields. */ typedef PuglEventAny PuglEventMap; /** View hide event. This event is sent when a view is unmapped from the screen and made invisible. This event type has no extra fields. */ typedef PuglEventAny PuglEventUnmap; /** View update event. This event is sent to every view near the end of a main loop iteration when any pending exposures are about to be redrawn. It is typically used to mark regions to expose with puglPostRedisplay() or puglPostRedisplayRect(). For example, to continuously animate, a view calls puglPostRedisplay() when an update event is received, and it will then shortly receive an expose event. */ typedef PuglEventAny PuglEventUpdate; /** Expose event for when a region must be redrawn. When an expose event is received, the graphics context is active, and the view must draw the entire specified region. The contents of the region are undefined, there is no preservation of anything drawn previously. */ typedef struct { PuglEventType type; ///< #PUGL_EXPOSE PuglEventFlags flags; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values double x; ///< View-relative X coordinate double y; ///< View-relative Y coordinate double width; ///< Width of exposed region double height; ///< Height of exposed region } PuglEventExpose; /** View close event. This event is sent when the view is to be closed, for example when the user clicks the close button. This event type has no extra fields. */ typedef PuglEventAny PuglEventClose; /** Keyboard focus event. This event is sent whenever the view gains or loses the keyboard focus. The view with the keyboard focus will receive any key press or release events. */ typedef struct { PuglEventType type; ///< #PUGL_FOCUS_IN or #PUGL_FOCUS_OUT PuglEventFlags flags; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values PuglCrossingMode mode; ///< Reason for focus change } PuglEventFocus; /** Key press or release event. This event represents low-level key presses and releases. This can be used for "direct" keyboard handing like key bindings, but must not be interpreted as text input. Keys are represented portably as Unicode code points, using the "natural" code point for the key where possible (see #PuglKey for details). The `key` field is the code for the pressed key, without any modifiers applied. For example, a press or release of the 'A' key will have `key` 97 ('a') regardless of whether shift or control are being held. Alternatively, the raw `keycode` can be used to work directly with physical keys, but note that this value is not portable and differs between platforms and hardware. */ typedef struct { PuglEventType type; ///< #PUGL_KEY_PRESS or #PUGL_KEY_RELEASE PuglEventFlags flags; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values double time; ///< Time in seconds double x; ///< View-relative X coordinate double y; ///< View-relative Y coordinate double xRoot; ///< Root-relative X coordinate double yRoot; ///< Root-relative Y coordinate PuglMods state; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglMod flags uint32_t keycode; ///< Raw key code uint32_t key; ///< Unshifted Unicode character code, or 0 } PuglEventKey; /** Character input event. This event represents text input, usually as the result of a key press. The text is given both as a Unicode character code and a UTF-8 string. Note that this event is generated by the platform's input system, so there is not necessarily a direct correspondence between text events and physical key presses. For example, with some input methods a sequence of several key presses will generate a single character. */ typedef struct { PuglEventType type; ///< #PUGL_TEXT PuglEventFlags flags; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values double time; ///< Time in seconds double x; ///< View-relative X coordinate double y; ///< View-relative Y coordinate double xRoot; ///< Root-relative X coordinate double yRoot; ///< Root-relative Y coordinate PuglMods state; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglMod flags uint32_t keycode; ///< Raw key code uint32_t character; ///< Unicode character code char string[8]; ///< UTF-8 string } PuglEventText; /** Pointer enter or leave event. This event is sent when the pointer enters or leaves the view. This can happen for several reasons (not just the user dragging the pointer over the window edge), as described by the `mode` field. */ typedef struct { PuglEventType type; ///< #PUGL_POINTER_IN or #PUGL_POINTER_OUT PuglEventFlags flags; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values double time; ///< Time in seconds double x; ///< View-relative X coordinate double y; ///< View-relative Y coordinate double xRoot; ///< Root-relative X coordinate double yRoot; ///< Root-relative Y coordinate PuglMods state; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglMod flags PuglCrossingMode mode; ///< Reason for crossing } PuglEventCrossing; /** Button press or release event. */ typedef struct { PuglEventType type; ///< #PUGL_BUTTON_PRESS or #PUGL_BUTTON_RELEASE PuglEventFlags flags; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values double time; ///< Time in seconds double x; ///< View-relative X coordinate double y; ///< View-relative Y coordinate double xRoot; ///< Root-relative X coordinate double yRoot; ///< Root-relative Y coordinate PuglMods state; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglMod flags uint32_t button; ///< Button number starting from 1 } PuglEventButton; /** Pointer motion event. */ typedef struct { PuglEventType type; ///< #PUGL_MOTION PuglEventFlags flags; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values double time; ///< Time in seconds double x; ///< View-relative X coordinate double y; ///< View-relative Y coordinate double xRoot; ///< Root-relative X coordinate double yRoot; ///< Root-relative Y coordinate PuglMods state; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglMod flags } PuglEventMotion; /** Scroll event. The scroll distance is expressed in "lines", an arbitrary unit that corresponds to a single tick of a detented mouse wheel. For example, `dy` = 1.0 scrolls 1 line up. Some systems and devices support finer resolution and/or higher values for fast scrolls, so programs should handle any value gracefully. */ typedef struct { PuglEventType type; ///< #PUGL_SCROLL PuglEventFlags flags; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values double time; ///< Time in seconds double x; ///< View-relative X coordinate double y; ///< View-relative Y coordinate double xRoot; ///< Root-relative X coordinate double yRoot; ///< Root-relative Y coordinate PuglMods state; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglMod flags PuglScrollDirection direction; ///< Scroll direction double dx; ///< Scroll X distance in lines double dy; ///< Scroll Y distance in lines } PuglEventScroll; /** Custom client message event. This can be used to send a custom message to a view, which is delivered via the window system and processed in the event loop as usual. Among other things, this makes it possible to wake up the event loop for any reason. */ typedef struct { PuglEventType type; ///< #PUGL_CLIENT PuglEventFlags flags; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values uintptr_t data1; ///< Client-specific data uintptr_t data2; ///< Client-specific data } PuglEventClient; /** Timer event. This event is sent at the regular interval specified in the call to puglStartTimer() that activated it. The `id` is the application-specific ID given to puglStartTimer() which distinguishes this timer from others. It should always be checked in the event handler, even in applications that register only one timer. */ typedef struct { PuglEventType type; ///< #PUGL_TIMER PuglEventFlags flags; ///< Bitwise OR of #PuglEventFlag values uintptr_t id; ///< Timer ID } PuglEventTimer; /** Recursive loop enter event. This event is sent when the window system enters a recursive loop. The main loop will be stalled and no expose events will be received while in the recursive loop. To give the application full control, Pugl does not do any special handling of this situation, but this event can be used to install a timer to perform continuous actions (such as drawing) on platforms that do this. - MacOS: A recursive loop is entered while the window is being live resized. - Windows: A recursive loop is entered while the window is being live resized or the menu is shown. - X11: A recursive loop is never entered and the event loop runs as usual while the view is being resized. This event type has no extra fields. */ typedef PuglEventAny PuglEventLoopEnter; /** Recursive loop leave event. This event is sent after a loop enter event when the recursive loop is finished and normal iteration will continue. This event type has no extra fields. */ typedef PuglEventAny PuglEventLoopLeave; /** View event. This is a union of all event types. The type must be checked to determine which fields are safe to access. A pointer to PuglEvent can either be cast to the appropriate type, or the union members used. The graphics system may only be accessed when handling certain events. The graphics context is active for #PUGL_CREATE, #PUGL_DESTROY, #PUGL_CONFIGURE, and #PUGL_EXPOSE, but only enabled for drawing for #PUGL_EXPOSE. */ typedef union { PuglEventAny any; ///< Valid for all event types PuglEventType type; ///< Event type PuglEventButton button; ///< #PUGL_BUTTON_PRESS, #PUGL_BUTTON_RELEASE PuglEventConfigure configure; ///< #PUGL_CONFIGURE PuglEventExpose expose; ///< #PUGL_EXPOSE PuglEventKey key; ///< #PUGL_KEY_PRESS, #PUGL_KEY_RELEASE PuglEventText text; ///< #PUGL_TEXT PuglEventCrossing crossing; ///< #PUGL_POINTER_IN, #PUGL_POINTER_OUT PuglEventMotion motion; ///< #PUGL_MOTION PuglEventScroll scroll; ///< #PUGL_SCROLL PuglEventFocus focus; ///< #PUGL_FOCUS_IN, #PUGL_FOCUS_OUT PuglEventClient client; ///< #PUGL_CLIENT PuglEventTimer timer; ///< #PUGL_TIMER } PuglEvent; /** @} @name Status Most functions return a status code which can be used to check for errors. @{ */ /// Return status code typedef enum { PUGL_SUCCESS, ///< Success PUGL_FAILURE, ///< Non-fatal failure PUGL_UNKNOWN_ERROR, ///< Unknown system error PUGL_BAD_BACKEND, ///< Invalid or missing backend PUGL_BAD_CONFIGURATION, ///< Invalid view configuration PUGL_BAD_PARAMETER, ///< Invalid parameter PUGL_BACKEND_FAILED, ///< Backend initialisation failed PUGL_REGISTRATION_FAILED, ///< Class registration failed PUGL_REALIZE_FAILED, ///< System view realization failed PUGL_SET_FORMAT_FAILED, ///< Failed to set pixel format PUGL_CREATE_CONTEXT_FAILED, ///< Failed to create drawing context PUGL_UNSUPPORTED_TYPE, ///< Unsupported data type } PuglStatus; /// Return a string describing a status code PUGL_API PUGL_CONST_FUNC const char* puglStrerror(PuglStatus status); /** @} @name World The top-level context of a Pugl application or plugin. The world contains all library-wide state. There is no static data in Pugl, so it is safe to use multiple worlds in a single process. This is to facilitate plugins or other situations where it is not possible to share a world, but a single world should be shared for all views where possible. @{ */ /** The "world" of application state. The world represents everything that is not associated with a particular view. Several worlds can be created in a single process, but code using different worlds must be isolated so they are never mixed. Views are strongly associated with the world they were created in. */ typedef struct PuglWorldImpl PuglWorld; /// Handle for the world's opaque user data typedef void* PuglWorldHandle; /// The type of a World typedef enum { PUGL_PROGRAM, ///< Top-level application PUGL_MODULE ///< Plugin or module within a larger application } PuglWorldType; /// World flags typedef enum { /** Set up support for threads if necessary. - X11: Calls XInitThreads() which is required for some drivers. */ PUGL_WORLD_THREADS = 1u << 0u } PuglWorldFlag; /// Bitwise OR of #PuglWorldFlag values typedef uint32_t PuglWorldFlags; /// A log message level, compatible with syslog typedef enum { PUGL_LOG_LEVEL_ERR = 3, ///< Error PUGL_LOG_LEVEL_WARNING = 4, ///< Warning PUGL_LOG_LEVEL_INFO = 6, ///< Informational message PUGL_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG = 7 ///< Debug message } PuglLogLevel; /** A function called to report log messages. @param world The world that produced this log message. @param level Log level. @param msg Message string. */ typedef void (*PuglLogFunc)(PuglWorld* world, PuglLogLevel level, const char* msg); /** Create a new world. @param type The type, which dictates what this world is responsible for. @param flags Flags to control world features. @return A new world, which must be later freed with puglFreeWorld(). */ PUGL_API PuglWorld* puglNewWorld(PuglWorldType type, PuglWorldFlags flags); /// Free a world allocated with puglNewWorld() PUGL_API void puglFreeWorld(PuglWorld* world); /** Set the user data for the world. This is usually a pointer to a struct that contains all the state which must be accessed by several views. The handle is opaque to Pugl and is not interpreted in any way. */ PUGL_API void puglSetWorldHandle(PuglWorld* world, PuglWorldHandle handle); /// Get the user data for the world PUGL_API PuglWorldHandle puglGetWorldHandle(PuglWorld* world); /** Return a pointer to the native handle of the world. @return - X11: A pointer to the `Display`. - MacOS: `NULL`. - Windows: The `HMODULE` of the calling process. */ PUGL_API void* puglGetNativeWorld(PuglWorld* world); /** Set the function to call to log a message. This will be called to report any log messages generated internally by Pugl which are enabled according to the log level. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetLogFunc(PuglWorld* world, PuglLogFunc logFunc); /** Set the level of log messages to emit. Any log messages with a level less than or equal to `level` will be emitted. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetLogLevel(PuglWorld* world, PuglLogLevel level); /** Set the class name of the application. This is a stable identifier for the application, used as the window class/instance name on X11 and Windows. It is not displayed to the user, but can be used in scripts and by window managers, so it should be the same for every instance of the application, but different from other applications. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetClassName(PuglWorld* world, const char* name); /** Return the time in seconds. This is a monotonically increasing clock with high resolution. The returned time is only useful to compare against other times returned by this function, its absolute value has no meaning. */ PUGL_API double puglGetTime(const PuglWorld* world); /** Update by processing events from the window system. This function is a single iteration of the main loop, and should be called repeatedly to update all views. If `timeout` is zero, then this function will not block. Plugins should always use a timeout of zero to avoid blocking the host. If a positive `timeout` is given, then events will be processed for that amount of time, starting from when this function was called. If a negative `timeout` is given, this function will block indefinitely until an event occurs. For continuously animating programs, a timeout that is a reasonable fraction of the ideal frame period should be used, to minimise input latency by ensuring that as many input events are consumed as possible before drawing. @return - #PUGL_SUCCESS if events are read - #PUGL_FAILURE if not, or an error. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglUpdate(PuglWorld* world, double timeout); /** @} @name View A drawable region that receives events. A view can be thought of as a window, but does not necessarily correspond to a top-level window in a desktop environment. For example, a view can be embedded in some other window, or represent an embedded system where there is no concept of multiple windows at all. @{ */ /// A drawable region that receives events typedef struct PuglViewImpl PuglView; /** A graphics backend. The backend dictates how graphics are set up for a view, and how drawing is performed. A backend must be set by calling puglSetBackend() before realising a view. If you are using a local copy of Pugl, it is possible to implement a custom backend. See the definition of `PuglBackendImpl` in the source code for details. */ typedef struct PuglBackendImpl PuglBackend; /** A native view handle. X11: This is a `Window`. MacOS: This is a pointer to an `NSView*`. Windows: This is a `HWND`. */ typedef uintptr_t PuglNativeView; /// Handle for a view's opaque user data typedef void* PuglHandle; /// A hint for configuring a view typedef enum { PUGL_USE_COMPAT_PROFILE, ///< Use compatible (not core) OpenGL profile PUGL_USE_DEBUG_CONTEXT, ///< True to use a debug OpenGL context PUGL_CONTEXT_VERSION_MAJOR, ///< OpenGL context major version PUGL_CONTEXT_VERSION_MINOR, ///< OpenGL context minor version PUGL_RED_BITS, ///< Number of bits for red channel PUGL_GREEN_BITS, ///< Number of bits for green channel PUGL_BLUE_BITS, ///< Number of bits for blue channel PUGL_ALPHA_BITS, ///< Number of bits for alpha channel PUGL_DEPTH_BITS, ///< Number of bits for depth buffer PUGL_STENCIL_BITS, ///< Number of bits for stencil buffer PUGL_SAMPLES, ///< Number of samples per pixel (AA) PUGL_DOUBLE_BUFFER, ///< True if double buffering should be used PUGL_SWAP_INTERVAL, ///< Number of frames between buffer swaps PUGL_RESIZABLE, ///< True if view should be resizable PUGL_IGNORE_KEY_REPEAT, ///< True if key repeat events are ignored PUGL_REFRESH_RATE, ///< Refresh rate in Hz PUGL_NUM_VIEW_HINTS } PuglViewHint; /// A special view hint value typedef enum { PUGL_DONT_CARE = -1, ///< Use best available value PUGL_FALSE = 0, ///< Explicitly false PUGL_TRUE = 1 ///< Explicitly true } PuglViewHintValue; /// A function called when an event occurs typedef PuglStatus (*PuglEventFunc)(PuglView* view, const PuglEvent* event); /** @name Setup Functions for creating and destroying a view. @{ */ /** Create a new view. A newly created view does not correspond to a real system view or window. It must first be configured, then the system view can be created with puglRealize(). */ PUGL_API PuglView* puglNewView(PuglWorld* world); /// Free a view created with puglNewView() PUGL_API void puglFreeView(PuglView* view); /// Return the world that `view` is a part of PUGL_API PuglWorld* puglGetWorld(PuglView* view); /** Set the user data for a view. This is usually a pointer to a struct that contains all the state which must be accessed by a view. Everything needed to process events should be stored here, not in static variables. The handle is opaque to Pugl and is not interpreted in any way. */ PUGL_API void puglSetHandle(PuglView* view, PuglHandle handle); /// Get the user data for a view PUGL_API PuglHandle puglGetHandle(PuglView* view); /** Set the graphics backend to use for a view. This must be called once to set the graphics backend before calling puglRealize(). Pugl includes the following backends: - puglGlBackend(), declared in pugl/gl.h - puglCairoBackend(), declared in pugl/cairo.h Note that backends are modular and not compiled into the main Pugl library to avoid unnecessary dependencies. To use a particular backend, applications must link against the appropriate backend library, or be sure to compile in the appropriate code if using a local copy of Pugl. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetBackend(PuglView* view, const PuglBackend* backend); /// Set the function to call when an event occurs PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetEventFunc(PuglView* view, PuglEventFunc eventFunc); /** Set a hint to configure view properties. This only has an effect when called before puglRealize(). */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetViewHint(PuglView* view, PuglViewHint hint, int value); /** Get the value for a view hint. If the view has been realized, this can be used to get the actual value of a hint which was initially set to PUGL_DONT_CARE, or has been adjusted from the suggested value. */ PUGL_API int puglGetViewHint(const PuglView* view, PuglViewHint hint); /** @} @anchor frame @name Frame Functions for working with the position and size of a view. @{ */ /** Get the current position and size of the view. The position is in screen coordinates with an upper left origin. */ PUGL_API PuglRect puglGetFrame(const PuglView* view); /** Set the current position and size of the view. The position is in screen coordinates with an upper left origin. @return #PUGL_UNKNOWN_ERROR on failure, in which case the view frame is unchanged. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetFrame(PuglView* view, PuglRect frame); /** Set the default size of the view. This should be called before puglResize() to set the default size of the view, which will be the initial size of the window if this is a top level view. @return #PUGL_UNKNOWN_ERROR on failure, but always succeeds if the view is not yet realized. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetDefaultSize(PuglView* view, int width, int height); /** Set the minimum size of the view. If an initial minimum size is known, this should be called before puglRealize() to avoid stutter, though it can be called afterwards as well. @return #PUGL_UNKNOWN_ERROR on failure, but always succeeds if the view is not yet realized. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetMinSize(PuglView* view, int width, int height); /** Set the maximum size of the view. If an initial maximum size is known, this should be called before puglRealize() to avoid stutter, though it can be called afterwards as well. @return #PUGL_UNKNOWN_ERROR on failure, but always succeeds if the view is not yet realized. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetMaxSize(PuglView* view, int width, int height); /** Set the view aspect ratio range. The x and y values here represent a ratio of width to height. To set a fixed aspect ratio, set the minimum and maximum values to the same ratio. Note that setting different minimum and maximum constraints does not currenty work on MacOS (the minimum is used), so only setting a fixed aspect ratio works properly across all platforms. If an initial aspect ratio is known, this should be called before puglRealize() to avoid stutter, though it can be called afterwards as well. @return #PUGL_UNKNOWN_ERROR on failure, but always succeeds if the view is not yet realized. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetAspectRatio(PuglView* view, int minX, int minY, int maxX, int maxY); /** @} @name Windows Functions for working with system views and the window hierarchy. @{ */ /** Set the title of the window. This only makes sense for non-embedded views that will have a corresponding top-level window, and sets the title, typically displayed in the title bar or in window switchers. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetWindowTitle(PuglView* view, const char* title); /** Set the parent window for embedding a view in an existing window. This must be called before puglRealize(), reparenting is not supported. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetParentWindow(PuglView* view, PuglNativeView parent); /** Set the transient parent of the window. Set this for transient children like dialogs, to have them properly associated with their parent window. This should be called before puglRealize(). A view can either have a parent (for embedding) or a transient parent (for top-level windows like dialogs), but not both. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetTransientFor(PuglView* view, PuglNativeView parent); /** Realise a view by creating a corresponding system view or window. After this call, the (initially invisible) underlying system view exists and can be accessed with puglGetNativeWindow(). There is currently no corresponding unrealize function, the system view will be destroyed along with the view when puglFreeView() is called. The view should be fully configured using the above functions before this is called. This function may only be called once per view. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglRealize(PuglView* view); /** Show the view. If the view has not yet been realized, the first call to this function will do so automatically. If the view is currently hidden, it will be shown and possibly raised to the top depending on the platform. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglShowWindow(PuglView* view); /// Hide the current window PUGL_API PuglStatus puglHideWindow(PuglView* view); /// Return true iff the view is currently visible PUGL_API bool puglGetVisible(const PuglView* view); /// Return the native window handle PUGL_API PuglNativeView puglGetNativeWindow(PuglView* view); /** @} @name Graphics Functions for working with the graphics context and scheduling redisplays. @{ */ /** Enter the graphics context. This can be used to enter the graphics context in unusual situations, for doing things like loading textures. Note that this must not be used for drawing, which may only be done while processing an expose event. Note also that initial setup should not use this, but instead be done while handling a #PUGL_CREATE event. - Cairo: Does nothing. - OpenGL: Sets the current OpenGL context. - Stub: Does nothing. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglEnterContext(PuglView* view); /** Leave the graphics context. This must only be called after puglEnterContext(). - Cairo: Does nothing. - OpenGL: Resets the current OpenGL context. - Stub: Does nothing. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglLeaveContext(PuglView* view); /** Get the graphics context. This is a backend-specific context used for drawing if the backend graphics API requires one. It is only available during an expose. @return - Cairo: A pointer to a [`cairo_t`](http://www.cairographics.org/manual/cairo-cairo-t.html). - OpenGL: `NULL`. - Stub: `NULL`. */ PUGL_API void* puglGetContext(PuglView* view); /** Request a redisplay for the entire view. This will cause an expose event to be dispatched later. If called from within the event handler, the expose should arrive at the end of the current event loop iteration, though this is not strictly guaranteed on all platforms. If called elsewhere, an expose will be enqueued to be processed in the next event loop iteration. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglPostRedisplay(PuglView* view); /** Request a redisplay of the given rectangle within the view. This has the same semantics as puglPostRedisplay(), but allows giving a precise region for redrawing only a portion of the view. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglPostRedisplayRect(PuglView* view, PuglRect rect); /** @} @anchor interaction @name Interaction Functions for interacting with the user and window system. @{ */ /** A mouse cursor type. This is a portable subset of mouse cursors that exist on X11, MacOS, and Windows. */ typedef enum { PUGL_CURSOR_ARROW, ///< Default pointing arrow PUGL_CURSOR_CARET, ///< Caret (I-Beam) for text entry PUGL_CURSOR_CROSSHAIR, ///< Cross-hair PUGL_CURSOR_HAND, ///< Hand with a pointing finger PUGL_CURSOR_NO, ///< Operation not allowed PUGL_CURSOR_LEFT_RIGHT, ///< Left/right arrow for horizontal resize PUGL_CURSOR_UP_DOWN, ///< Up/down arrow for vertical resize } PuglCursor; /// Grab the keyboard input focus PUGL_API PuglStatus puglGrabFocus(PuglView* view); /// Return whether `view` has the keyboard input focus PUGL_API bool puglHasFocus(const PuglView* view); /** Set the clipboard contents. This sets the system clipboard contents, which can be retrieved with puglGetClipboard() or pasted into other applications. @param view The view. @param type The MIME type of the data, "text/plain" is assumed if `NULL`. @param data The data to copy to the clipboard. @param len The length of data in bytes (including terminator if necessary). */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetClipboard(PuglView* view, const char* type, const void* data, size_t len); /** Get the clipboard contents. This gets the system clipboard contents, which may have been set with puglSetClipboard() or copied from another application. @param view The view. @param[out] type Set to the MIME type of the data. @param[out] len Set to the length of the data in bytes. @return The clipboard contents, or `NULL`. */ PUGL_API const void* puglGetClipboard(PuglView* view, const char** type, size_t* len); /** Set the mouse cursor. This changes the system cursor that is displayed when the pointer is inside the view. May fail if setting the cursor is not supported on this system, for example if compiled on X11 without Xcursor support. @return - #PUGL_BAD_PARAMETER if the given cursor is invalid. - #PUGL_FAILURE if the cursor isknown but loading it from the system fails. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSetCursor(PuglView* view, PuglCursor cursor); /** Request user attention. This hints to the system that the window or application requires attention from the user. The exact effect depends on the platform, but is usually something like a flashing task bar entry or bouncing application icon. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglRequestAttention(PuglView* view); /** Activate a repeating timer event. This starts a timer which will send a #PuglEventTimer to `view` every `timeout` seconds. This can be used to perform some action in a view at a regular interval with relatively low frequency. Note that the frequency of timer events may be limited by how often puglUpdate() is called. If the given timer already exists, it is replaced. @param view The view to begin sending #PUGL_TIMER events to. @param id The identifier for this timer. This is an application-specific ID that should be a low number, typically the value of a constant or `enum` that starts from 0. There is a platform-specific limit to the number of supported timers, and overhead associated with each, so applications should create only a few timers and perform several tasks in one if necessary. @param timeout The period, in seconds, of this timer. This is not guaranteed to have a resolution better than 10ms (the maximum timer resolution on Windows) and may be rounded up if it is too short. On X11 and MacOS, a resolution of about 1ms can usually be relied on. @return - #PUGL_FAILURE if timers are not supported by this system or build. - #PUGL_UNKNOWN_ERROR if setting the timer failed. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglStartTimer(PuglView* view, uintptr_t id, double timeout); /** Stop an active timer. @param view The view that the timer is set for. @param id The ID previously passed to puglStartTimer(). @return - #PUGL_FAILURE if timers are not supported by this system or build. - #PUGL_UNKNOWN_ERROR if stopping the timer failed. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglStopTimer(PuglView* view, uintptr_t id); /** Send an event to a view via the window system. If supported, the event will be delivered to the view via the event loop like other events. Note that this function only works for certain event types. Currently, only #PUGL_CLIENT events are supported on all platforms. X11: A #PUGL_EXPOSE event can be sent, which is similar to calling puglPostRedisplayRect(), but will always send a message to the X server, even when called in an event handler. @return - #PUGL_UNSUPPORTED_TYPE if sending events of this type is not supported. - #PUGL_UNKNOWN_ERROR if sending the event failed. */ PUGL_API PuglStatus puglSendEvent(PuglView* view, const PuglEvent* event); /** @} */ #ifndef PUGL_DISABLE_DEPRECATED /** @} @name Deprecated API @{ */ /** A native window handle. X11: This is a `Window`. MacOS: This is a pointer to an `NSView*`. Windows: This is a `HWND`. */ typedef uintptr_t PuglNativeWindow; /** Create a Pugl application and view. To create a window, call the various puglInit* functions as necessary, then call puglRealize(). @deprecated Use puglNewApp() and puglNewView(). @param pargc Pointer to argument count (currently unused). @param argv Arguments (currently unused). @return A newly created view. */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglNewView") PuglView* puglInit(const int* pargc, char** argv) { (void)pargc; (void)argv; return puglNewView(puglNewWorld(PUGL_MODULE, 0)); } /** Destroy an app and view created with `puglInit()`. @deprecated Use puglFreeApp() and puglFreeView(). */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglFreeView") void puglDestroy(PuglView* view) { PuglWorld* const world = puglGetWorld(view); puglFreeView(view); puglFreeWorld(world); } /** Set the window class name before creating a window. */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglSetClassName") void puglInitWindowClass(PuglView* view, const char* name) { puglSetClassName(puglGetWorld(view), name); } /** Set the window size before creating a window. @deprecated Use puglSetFrame(). */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglSetFrame") void puglInitWindowSize(PuglView* view, int width, int height) { PuglRect frame = puglGetFrame(view); frame.width = width; frame.height = height; puglSetFrame(view, frame); } /** Set the minimum window size before creating a window. */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglSetMinSize") void puglInitWindowMinSize(PuglView* view, int width, int height) { puglSetMinSize(view, width, height); } /** Set the window aspect ratio range before creating a window. The x and y values here represent a ratio of width to height. To set a fixed aspect ratio, set the minimum and maximum values to the same ratio. Note that setting different minimum and maximum constraints does not currenty work on MacOS (the minimum is used), so only setting a fixed aspect ratio works properly across all platforms. */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglSetAspectRatio") void puglInitWindowAspectRatio(PuglView* view, int minX, int minY, int maxX, int maxY) { puglSetAspectRatio(view, minX, minY, maxX, maxY); } /** Set transient parent before creating a window. On X11, parent must be a Window. On OSX, parent must be an NSView*. */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglSetTransientFor") void puglInitTransientFor(PuglView* view, uintptr_t parent) { puglSetTransientFor(view, (PuglNativeWindow)parent); } /** Enable or disable resizing before creating a window. @deprecated Use puglSetViewHint() with #PUGL_RESIZABLE. */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglSetViewHint") void puglInitResizable(PuglView* view, bool resizable) { puglSetViewHint(view, PUGL_RESIZABLE, resizable); } /** Get the current size of the view. @deprecated Use puglGetFrame(). */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglGetFrame") void puglGetSize(PuglView* view, int* width, int* height) { const PuglRect frame = puglGetFrame(view); *width = (int)frame.width; *height = (int)frame.height; } /** Ignore synthetic repeated key events. @deprecated Use puglSetViewHint() with #PUGL_IGNORE_KEY_REPEAT. */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglSetViewHint") void puglIgnoreKeyRepeat(PuglView* view, bool ignore) { puglSetViewHint(view, PUGL_IGNORE_KEY_REPEAT, ignore); } /** Set a hint before creating a window. @deprecated Use puglSetWindowHint(). */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglSetViewHint") void puglInitWindowHint(PuglView* view, PuglViewHint hint, int value) { puglSetViewHint(view, hint, value); } /** Set the parent window before creating a window (for embedding). @deprecated Use puglSetWindowParent(). */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglSetParentWindow") void puglInitWindowParent(PuglView* view, PuglNativeWindow parent) { puglSetParentWindow(view, parent); } /** Set the graphics backend to use. @deprecated Use puglSetBackend(). */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglSetBackend") int puglInitBackend(PuglView* view, const PuglBackend* backend) { return (int)puglSetBackend(view, backend); } /** Realise a view by creating a corresponding system view or window. The view should be fully configured using the above functions before this is called. This function may only be called once per view. @deprecated Use puglRealize(), or just show the view. */ static inline PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglRealize") PuglStatus puglCreateWindow(PuglView* view, const char* title) { puglSetWindowTitle(view, title); return puglRealize(view); } /** Block and wait for an event to be ready. This can be used in a loop to only process events via puglProcessEvents when necessary. This function will block indefinitely if no events are available, so is not appropriate for use in programs that need to perform regular updates (e.g. animation). @deprecated Use puglPollEvents(). */ PUGL_API PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglPollEvents") PuglStatus puglWaitForEvent(PuglView* view); /** Process all pending window events. This handles input events as well as rendering, so it should be called regularly and rapidly enough to keep the UI responsive. This function does not block if no events are pending. @deprecated Use puglDispatchEvents(). */ PUGL_API PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglDispatchEvents") PuglStatus puglProcessEvents(PuglView* view); /** Poll for events that are ready to be processed. This polls for events that are ready for any view in the world, potentially blocking depending on `timeout`. @param world The world to poll for events. @param timeout Maximum time to wait, in seconds. If zero, the call returns immediately, if negative, the call blocks indefinitely. @return #PUGL_SUCCESS if events are read, #PUGL_FAILURE if not, or an error. @deprecated Use puglUpdate(). */ PUGL_API PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglUpdate") PuglStatus puglPollEvents(PuglWorld* world, double timeout); /** Dispatch any pending events to views. This processes all pending events, dispatching them to the appropriate views. View event handlers will be called in the scope of this call. This function does not block, if no events are pending then it will return immediately. @deprecated Use puglUpdate(). */ PUGL_API PUGL_DEPRECATED_BY("puglUpdate") PuglStatus puglDispatchEvents(PuglWorld* world); #endif // PUGL_DISABLE_DEPRECATED /** @} @} @} */ PUGL_END_DECLS #endif // PUGL_PUGL_H