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diff --git a/src/serd_internal.h b/src/serd_internal.h
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+/*
+ Copyright 2011-2016 David Robillard <http://drobilla.net>
+
+ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+#ifndef SERD_INTERNAL_H
+#define SERD_INTERNAL_H
+
+#define _POSIX_C_SOURCE 200809L /* for posix_memalign and posix_fadvise */
+
+#include <assert.h>
+#include <ctype.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+#include "serd/serd.h"
+#include "serd_config.h"
+
+#if defined(HAVE_POSIX_FADVISE) && defined(HAVE_FILENO)
+# include <fcntl.h>
+#endif
+
+#define NS_XSD "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#"
+#define NS_RDF "http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
+
+#define SERD_PAGE_SIZE 4096
+
+#ifndef MIN
+# define MIN(a, b) (((a) < (b)) ? (a) : (b))
+#endif
+
+static const uint8_t replacement_char[] = { 0xEF, 0xBF, 0xBD };
+
+/* File and Buffer Utilities */
+
+static inline FILE*
+serd_fopen(const char* path, const char* mode)
+{
+ FILE* fd = fopen(path, mode);
+ if (!fd) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to open file %s (%s)\n",
+ path, strerror(errno));
+ return NULL;
+ }
+#if defined(HAVE_POSIX_FADVISE) && defined(HAVE_FILENO)
+ posix_fadvise(fileno(fd), 0, 0, POSIX_FADV_SEQUENTIAL);
+#endif
+ return fd;
+}
+
+static inline void*
+serd_bufalloc(size_t size)
+{
+#ifdef HAVE_POSIX_MEMALIGN
+ void* ptr;
+ const int ret = posix_memalign(&ptr, SERD_PAGE_SIZE, size);
+ return ret ? NULL : ptr;
+#else
+ return malloc(size);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Byte source */
+
+typedef struct {
+ const uint8_t* filename;
+ unsigned line;
+ unsigned col;
+} Cursor;
+
+typedef struct {
+ SerdSource read_func; ///< Read function (e.g. fread)
+ SerdStreamErrorFunc error_func; ///< Error function (e.g. ferror)
+ void* stream; ///< Stream (e.g. FILE)
+ size_t page_size; ///< Number of bytes to read at a time
+ Cursor cur; ///< Cursor for error reporting
+ uint8_t* file_buf; ///< Buffer iff reading pages from a file
+ const uint8_t* read_buf; ///< Pointer to file_buf or read_byte
+ size_t read_head; ///< Offset into read_buf
+ uint8_t read_byte; ///< 1-byte 'buffer' used when not paging
+ bool from_stream; ///< True iff reading from `stream`
+ bool prepared; ///< True iff prepared for reading
+ bool eof; ///< True iff end of file reached
+} SerdByteSource;
+
+SerdStatus
+serd_byte_source_open_file(SerdByteSource* source,
+ FILE* file,
+ bool bulk);
+
+SerdStatus
+serd_byte_source_open_string(SerdByteSource* source, const uint8_t* utf8);
+
+SerdStatus
+serd_byte_source_open_source(SerdByteSource* source,
+ SerdSource read_func,
+ SerdStreamErrorFunc error_func,
+ void* stream,
+ const uint8_t* name,
+ size_t page_size);
+
+SerdStatus
+serd_byte_source_close(SerdByteSource* source);
+
+SerdStatus
+serd_byte_source_prepare(SerdByteSource* source);
+
+SerdStatus
+serd_byte_source_page(SerdByteSource* source);
+
+static inline uint8_t
+serd_byte_source_peek(SerdByteSource* source)
+{
+ assert(source->prepared);
+ return source->read_buf[source->read_head];
+}
+
+static inline SerdStatus
+serd_byte_source_advance(SerdByteSource* source)
+{
+ SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS;
+
+ switch (serd_byte_source_peek(source)) {
+ case '\0': break;
+ case '\n': ++source->cur.line; source->cur.col = 0; break;
+ default: ++source->cur.col;
+ }
+
+ if (source->from_stream) {
+ source->eof = false;
+ if (source->page_size > 1) {
+ if (++source->read_head == source->page_size) {
+ st = serd_byte_source_page(source);
+ }
+ } else {
+ if (!source->read_func(&source->read_byte, 1, 1, source->stream)) {
+ st = source->error_func(source->stream) ? SERD_ERR_UNKNOWN
+ : SERD_FAILURE;
+ }
+ }
+ } else if (!source->eof) {
+ ++source->read_head; // Move to next character in string
+ }
+
+ return source->eof ? SERD_FAILURE : st;
+}
+
+/* Stack */
+
+/** A dynamic stack in memory. */
+typedef struct {
+ uint8_t* buf; ///< Stack memory
+ size_t buf_size; ///< Allocated size of buf (>= size)
+ size_t size; ///< Conceptual size of stack in buf
+} SerdStack;
+
+/** An offset to start the stack at. Note 0 is reserved for NULL. */
+#define SERD_STACK_BOTTOM sizeof(void*)
+
+static inline SerdStack
+serd_stack_new(size_t size)
+{
+ SerdStack stack;
+ stack.buf = (uint8_t*)calloc(size, 1);
+ stack.buf_size = size;
+ stack.size = SERD_STACK_BOTTOM;
+ return stack;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+serd_stack_is_empty(SerdStack* stack)
+{
+ return stack->size <= SERD_STACK_BOTTOM;
+}
+
+static inline void
+serd_stack_free(SerdStack* stack)
+{
+ free(stack->buf);
+ stack->buf = NULL;
+ stack->buf_size = 0;
+ stack->size = 0;
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t*
+serd_stack_push(SerdStack* stack, size_t n_bytes)
+{
+ const size_t new_size = stack->size + n_bytes;
+ if (stack->buf_size < new_size) {
+ stack->buf_size += (stack->buf_size >> 1); // *= 1.5
+ stack->buf = (uint8_t*)realloc(stack->buf, stack->buf_size);
+ }
+ uint8_t* const ret = (stack->buf + stack->size);
+ stack->size = new_size;
+ return ret;
+}
+
+static inline void
+serd_stack_pop(SerdStack* stack, size_t n_bytes)
+{
+ assert(stack->size >= n_bytes);
+ stack->size -= n_bytes;
+}
+
+static inline void*
+serd_stack_push_aligned(SerdStack* stack, size_t n_bytes, size_t align)
+{
+ // Push one byte to ensure space for a pad count
+ serd_stack_push(stack, 1);
+
+ // Push padding if necessary
+ const uint8_t pad = align - stack->size % align;
+ if (pad > 0) {
+ serd_stack_push(stack, pad);
+ }
+
+ // Set top of stack to pad count so we can properly pop later
+ stack->buf[stack->size - 1] = pad;
+
+ // Push requested space at aligned location
+ return serd_stack_push(stack, n_bytes);
+}
+
+static inline void
+serd_stack_pop_aligned(SerdStack* stack, size_t n_bytes)
+{
+ // Pop requested space down to aligned location
+ serd_stack_pop(stack, n_bytes);
+
+ // Get amount of padding from top of stack
+ const uint8_t pad = stack->buf[stack->size - 1];
+
+ // Pop padding and pad count
+ serd_stack_pop(stack, pad + 1);
+}
+
+/* Byte Sink */
+
+typedef struct SerdByteSinkImpl {
+ SerdSink sink;
+ void* stream;
+ uint8_t* buf;
+ size_t size;
+ size_t block_size;
+} SerdByteSink;
+
+static inline SerdByteSink
+serd_byte_sink_new(SerdSink sink, void* stream, size_t block_size)
+{
+ SerdByteSink bsink;
+ bsink.sink = sink;
+ bsink.stream = stream;
+ bsink.size = 0;
+ bsink.block_size = block_size;
+ bsink.buf = ((block_size > 1)
+ ? (uint8_t*)serd_bufalloc(block_size)
+ : NULL);
+ return bsink;
+}
+
+static inline void
+serd_byte_sink_flush(SerdByteSink* bsink)
+{
+ if (bsink->block_size > 1 && bsink->size > 0) {
+ bsink->sink(bsink->buf, bsink->size, bsink->stream);
+ bsink->size = 0;
+ }
+}
+
+static inline void
+serd_byte_sink_free(SerdByteSink* bsink)
+{
+ serd_byte_sink_flush(bsink);
+ free(bsink->buf);
+ bsink->buf = NULL;
+}
+
+static inline size_t
+serd_byte_sink_write(const void* buf, size_t len, SerdByteSink* bsink)
+{
+ if (len == 0) {
+ return 0;
+ } else if (bsink->block_size == 1) {
+ return bsink->sink(buf, len, bsink->stream);
+ }
+
+ const size_t orig_len = len;
+ while (len) {
+ const size_t space = bsink->block_size - bsink->size;
+ const size_t n = MIN(space, len);
+
+ // Write as much as possible into the remaining buffer space
+ memcpy(bsink->buf + bsink->size, buf, n);
+ bsink->size += n;
+ buf = (const uint8_t*)buf + n;
+ len -= n;
+
+ // Flush page if buffer is full
+ if (bsink->size == bsink->block_size) {
+ bsink->sink(bsink->buf, bsink->block_size, bsink->stream);
+ bsink->size = 0;
+ }
+ }
+ return orig_len;
+}
+
+/* Character utilities */
+
+/** Return true if `c` lies within [`min`...`max`] (inclusive) */
+static inline bool
+in_range(const uint8_t c, const uint8_t min, const uint8_t max)
+{
+ return (c >= min && c <= max);
+}
+
+/** RFC2234: ALPHA ::= %x41-5A / %x61-7A ; A-Z / a-z */
+static inline bool
+is_alpha(const uint8_t c)
+{
+ return in_range(c, 'A', 'Z') || in_range(c, 'a', 'z');
+}
+
+/** RFC2234: DIGIT ::= %x30-39 ; 0-9 */
+static inline bool
+is_digit(const uint8_t c)
+{
+ return in_range(c, '0', '9');
+}
+
+/* RFC2234: HEXDIG ::= DIGIT / "A" / "B" / "C" / "D" / "E" / "F" */
+static inline bool
+is_hexdig(const uint8_t c)
+{
+ return is_digit(c) || in_range(c, 'A', 'F');
+}
+
+/* Turtle / JSON / C: XDIGIT ::= DIGIT / A-F / a-f */
+static inline bool
+is_xdigit(const uint8_t c)
+{
+ return is_hexdig(c) || in_range(c, 'a', 'f');
+}
+
+static inline bool
+is_space(const char c)
+{
+ switch (c) {
+ case ' ': case '\f': case '\n': case '\r': case '\t': case '\v':
+ return true;
+ default:
+ return false;
+ }
+}
+
+static inline bool
+is_base64(const uint8_t c)
+{
+ return is_alpha(c) || is_digit(c) || c == '+' || c == '/' || c == '=';
+}
+
+static inline bool
+is_windows_path(const uint8_t* path)
+{
+ return is_alpha(path[0]) && (path[1] == ':' || path[1] == '|')
+ && (path[2] == '/' || path[2] == '\\');
+}
+
+/* String utilities */
+
+size_t
+serd_substrlen(const uint8_t* str,
+ size_t len,
+ size_t* n_bytes,
+ SerdNodeFlags* flags);
+
+static inline int
+serd_strncasecmp(const char* s1, const char* s2, size_t n)
+{
+ for (; n > 0 && *s2; s1++, s2++, --n) {
+ if (toupper(*s1) != toupper(*s2)) {
+ return ((*(const uint8_t*)s1 < *(const uint8_t*)s2) ? -1 : +1);
+ }
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static inline uint32_t
+utf8_num_bytes(const uint8_t c)
+{
+ if ((c & 0x80) == 0) { // Starts with `0'
+ return 1;
+ } else if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) { // Starts with `110'
+ return 2;
+ } else if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) { // Starts with `1110'
+ return 3;
+ } else if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) { // Starts with `11110'
+ return 4;
+ }
+ return 0;
+}
+
+/// Return the code point of a UTF-8 character with known length
+static inline uint32_t
+parse_counted_utf8_char(const uint8_t* utf8, size_t size)
+{
+ uint32_t c = utf8[0] & ((1 << (8 - size)) - 1);
+ for (size_t i = 1; i < size; ++i) {
+ const uint8_t in = utf8[i] & 0x3F;
+ c = (c << 6) | in;
+ }
+ return c;
+}
+
+/// Parse a UTF-8 character, set *size to the length, and return the code point
+static inline uint32_t
+parse_utf8_char(const uint8_t* utf8, size_t* size)
+{
+ switch (*size = utf8_num_bytes(utf8[0])) {
+ case 1: case 2: case 3: case 4:
+ return parse_counted_utf8_char(utf8, *size);
+ default:
+ return *size = 0;
+ }
+}
+
+/* URI utilities */
+
+static inline bool
+chunk_equals(const SerdChunk* a, const SerdChunk* b)
+{
+ return a->len == b->len
+ && !strncmp((const char*)a->buf, (const char*)b->buf, a->len);
+}
+
+static inline size_t
+uri_path_len(const SerdURI* uri)
+{
+ return uri->path_base.len + uri->path.len;
+}
+
+static inline uint8_t
+uri_path_at(const SerdURI* uri, size_t i)
+{
+ if (i < uri->path_base.len) {
+ return uri->path_base.buf[i];
+ } else {
+ return uri->path.buf[i - uri->path_base.len];
+ }
+}
+
+/**
+ Return the index of the first differing character after the last root slash,
+ or zero if `uri` is not under `root`.
+*/
+static inline size_t
+uri_rooted_index(const SerdURI* uri, const SerdURI* root)
+{
+ if (!root || !root->scheme.len ||
+ !chunk_equals(&root->scheme, &uri->scheme) ||
+ !chunk_equals(&root->authority, &uri->authority)) {
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ bool differ = false;
+ const size_t path_len = uri_path_len(uri);
+ const size_t root_len = uri_path_len(root);
+ size_t last_root_slash = 0;
+ for (size_t i = 0; i < path_len && i < root_len; ++i) {
+ const uint8_t u = uri_path_at(uri, i);
+ const uint8_t r = uri_path_at(root, i);
+
+ differ = differ || u != r;
+ if (r == '/') {
+ last_root_slash = i;
+ if (differ) {
+ return 0;
+ }
+ }
+ }
+
+ return last_root_slash + 1;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff `uri` shares path components with `root` */
+static inline bool
+uri_is_related(const SerdURI* uri, const SerdURI* root)
+{
+ return uri_rooted_index(uri, root) > 0;
+}
+
+/** Return true iff `uri` is within the base of `root` */
+static inline bool
+uri_is_under(const SerdURI* uri, const SerdURI* root)
+{
+ const size_t index = uri_rooted_index(uri, root);
+ return index > 0 && uri->path.len > index;
+}
+
+static inline bool
+is_uri_scheme_char(const uint8_t c)
+{
+ switch (c) {
+ case ':': case '+': case '-': case '.':
+ return true;
+ default:
+ return is_alpha(c) || is_digit(c);
+ }
+}
+
+/* Error reporting */
+
+static inline void
+serd_error(SerdErrorSink error_sink, void* handle, const SerdError* e)
+{
+ if (error_sink) {
+ error_sink(handle, e);
+ } else {
+ fprintf(stderr, "error: %s:%u:%u: ", e->filename, e->line, e->col);
+ vfprintf(stderr, e->fmt, *e->args);
+ }
+}
+
+int
+r_err(SerdReader* reader, SerdStatus st, const char* fmt, ...);
+
+/* Reader */
+
+#ifdef SERD_STACK_CHECK
+# define SERD_STACK_ASSERT_TOP(reader, ref) \
+ assert(ref == reader->allocs[reader->n_allocs - 1]);
+#else
+# define SERD_STACK_ASSERT_TOP(reader, ref)
+#endif
+
+/* Reference to a node in the stack (we can not use pointers since the
+ stack may be reallocated, invalidating any pointers to elements).
+*/
+typedef size_t Ref;
+
+typedef struct {
+ Ref graph;
+ Ref subject;
+ Ref predicate;
+ Ref object;
+ Ref datatype;
+ Ref lang;
+ SerdStatementFlags* flags;
+} ReadContext;
+
+struct SerdReaderImpl {
+ void* handle;
+ void (*free_handle)(void* ptr);
+ SerdBaseSink base_sink;
+ SerdPrefixSink prefix_sink;
+ SerdStatementSink statement_sink;
+ SerdEndSink end_sink;
+ SerdErrorSink error_sink;
+ void* error_handle;
+ Ref rdf_first;
+ Ref rdf_rest;
+ Ref rdf_nil;
+ SerdNode default_graph;
+ SerdByteSource source;
+ SerdStack stack;
+ SerdSyntax syntax;
+ unsigned next_id;
+ SerdStatus status;
+ uint8_t* buf;
+ uint8_t* bprefix;
+ size_t bprefix_len;
+ bool strict; ///< True iff strict parsing
+ bool seen_genid;
+#ifdef SERD_STACK_CHECK
+ Ref* allocs; ///< Stack of push offsets
+ size_t n_allocs; ///< Number of stack pushes
+#endif
+};
+
+Ref push_node_padded(SerdReader* reader,
+ size_t maxlen,
+ SerdType type,
+ const char* str,
+ size_t n_bytes);
+
+Ref push_node(SerdReader* reader,
+ SerdType type,
+ const char* str,
+ size_t n_bytes);
+
+size_t genid_size(SerdReader* reader);
+Ref blank_id(SerdReader* reader);
+void set_blank_id(SerdReader* reader, Ref ref, size_t buf_size);
+
+SerdNode* deref(SerdReader* reader, Ref ref);
+
+Ref pop_node(SerdReader* reader, Ref ref);
+
+bool emit_statement(SerdReader* reader, ReadContext ctx, Ref o, Ref d, Ref l);
+
+bool read_n3_statement(SerdReader* reader);
+bool read_nquadsDoc(SerdReader* reader);
+bool read_turtleTrigDoc(SerdReader* reader);
+
+typedef enum {
+ FIELD_NONE,
+ FIELD_SUBJECT,
+ FIELD_PREDICATE,
+ FIELD_OBJECT,
+ FIELD_GRAPH
+} Field;
+
+#endif // SERD_INTERNAL_H