// Copyright 2011-2023 David Robillard // SPDX-License-Identifier: ISC #include "block_dumper.h" #include "env.h" #include "memory.h" #include "namespaces.h" #include "node.h" #include "sink.h" #include "string_utils.h" #include "system.h" #include "try.h" #include "turtle.h" #include "uri_utils.h" #include "world.h" #include "serd/attributes.h" #include "serd/env.h" #include "serd/event.h" #include "serd/log.h" #include "serd/memory.h" #include "serd/node.h" #include "serd/output_stream.h" #include "serd/sink.h" #include "serd/statement.h" #include "serd/status.h" #include "serd/string_view.h" #include "serd/syntax.h" #include "serd/uri.h" #include "serd/world.h" #include "serd/writer.h" #include #include #include #include #include #include #include typedef enum { CTX_NAMED, ///< Normal non-anonymous context CTX_BLANK, ///< Anonymous blank node CTX_LIST, ///< Anonymous list } ContextType; typedef struct { ContextType type; SerdStatementFlags flags; SerdNode* graph; SerdNode* subject; SerdNode* predicate; bool predicates; bool comma_indented; } WriteContext; static const WriteContext WRITE_CONTEXT_NULL = {CTX_NAMED, 0U, NULL, NULL, NULL, 0U, 0U}; typedef enum { SEP_NONE, ///< Sentinel before the start of a document SEP_NODE, ///< Sentinel after a node SEP_NEWLINE, ///< Sentinel after a node SEP_END_DIRECT, ///< End of a directive (like "@prefix") SEP_END_S, ///< End of a subject ('.') SEP_END_P, ///< End of a predicate (';') SEP_END_O, ///< End of a named object (',') SEP_JOIN_O_AN, ///< End of anonymous object (',') before a named one SEP_JOIN_O_NA, ///< End of named object (',') before an anonymous one SEP_JOIN_O_AA, ///< End of anonymous object (',') before another SEP_S_P, ///< Between a subject and predicate (whitespace) SEP_P_O, ///< Between a predicate and object (whitespace) SEP_ANON_BEGIN, ///< Start of anonymous node ('[') SEP_ANON_S_P, ///< Between anonymous subject and predicate (whitespace) SEP_ANON_END, ///< End of anonymous node (']') SEP_LIST_BEGIN, ///< Start of list ('(') SEP_LIST_SEP, ///< List separator (newline) SEP_LIST_END, ///< End of list (')') SEP_TLIST_BEGIN, ///< Start of terse list ('(') SEP_TLIST_SEP, ///< Terse list separator (space) SEP_TLIST_END, ///< End of terse list (')') SEP_GRAPH_BEGIN, ///< Start of graph ('{') SEP_GRAPH_END, ///< End of graph ('}') } Sep; typedef uint32_t SepMask; ///< Bitfield of separator flags typedef struct { char sep; ///< Sep character int indent; ///< Indent delta SepMask pre_space_after; ///< Leading space if after given seps SepMask pre_line_after; ///< Leading newline if after given seps SepMask post_line_after; ///< Trailing newline if after given seps } SepRule; #define SEP_EACH (~(SepMask)0) #define M(s) (1U << (s)) #define NIL '\0' static const SepRule rules[] = { {NIL, +0, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE}, {NIL, +0, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE}, {'\n', 0, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE}, {'.', +0, SEP_EACH, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE}, {'.', +0, SEP_EACH, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE}, {';', +0, SEP_EACH, SEP_NONE, SEP_EACH}, {',', +0, SEP_EACH, SEP_NONE, SEP_EACH}, {',', +0, SEP_EACH, SEP_NONE, SEP_EACH}, {',', +0, SEP_EACH, SEP_NONE, SEP_EACH}, {',', +0, SEP_EACH, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE}, {NIL, +1, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE, SEP_EACH}, {' ', +0, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE}, {'[', +1, M(SEP_JOIN_O_AA), M(SEP_TLIST_BEGIN) | M(SEP_TLIST_SEP), SEP_NONE}, {NIL, +1, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE, M(SEP_ANON_BEGIN)}, {']', -1, SEP_NONE, ~M(SEP_ANON_BEGIN), SEP_NONE}, {'(', +1, M(SEP_JOIN_O_AA), SEP_NONE, SEP_EACH}, {NIL, +0, SEP_NONE, SEP_EACH, SEP_NONE}, {')', -1, SEP_NONE, SEP_EACH, SEP_NONE}, {'(', +1, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE}, {NIL, +0, SEP_EACH, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE}, {')', -1, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE}, {'{', +1, SEP_EACH, SEP_NONE, SEP_EACH}, {'}', -1, SEP_NONE, SEP_NONE, SEP_EACH}, }; #undef NIL #undef M #undef SEP_EACH struct SerdWriterImpl { SerdWorld* world; SerdSink iface; SerdSyntax syntax; SerdWriterFlags flags; const SerdEnv* env; SerdNode* root_node; SerdURIView root_uri; WriteContext* anon_stack; size_t max_depth; size_t anon_stack_size; SerdBlockDumper output; WriteContext context; char* bprefix; size_t bprefix_len; Sep last_sep; int indent; }; typedef enum { WRITE_STRING, WRITE_LONG_STRING } TextContext; typedef enum { RESET_GRAPH = 1U << 0U, RESET_INDENT = 1U << 1U } ResetFlag; SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus serd_writer_set_base_uri(SerdWriter* writer, const SerdNode* uri); SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus serd_writer_set_prefix(SerdWriter* writer, const SerdNode* name, const SerdNode* uri); SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_node(SerdWriter* writer, const SerdNode* node, SerdField field, SerdStatementFlags flags); static bool supports_abbrev(const SerdWriter* writer) { return writer->syntax == SERD_TURTLE || writer->syntax == SERD_TRIG; } SERD_NODISCARD static bool supports_uriref(const SerdWriter* writer) { return writer->syntax == SERD_TURTLE || writer->syntax == SERD_TRIG; } static SerdStatus free_context(SerdWriter* const writer) { serd_node_free(writer->world->allocator, writer->context.graph); serd_node_free(writer->world->allocator, writer->context.subject); serd_node_free(writer->world->allocator, writer->context.predicate); return SERD_SUCCESS; } SERD_LOG_FUNC(3, 4) static SerdStatus w_err(SerdWriter* writer, SerdStatus st, const char* fmt, ...) { /* TODO: This results in errors with no file information, which is not helpful when re-serializing a file (particularly for "undefined namespace prefix" errors. The statement sink API needs to be changed to add a Cursor parameter so the source can notify the writer of the statement origin for better error reporting. */ va_list args; // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-init-variables) va_start(args, fmt); serd_vlogf(writer->world, SERD_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, fmt, args); va_end(args); return st; } static inline SerdNode* ctx(SerdWriter* writer, const SerdField field) { SerdNode* node = (field == SERD_SUBJECT) ? writer->context.subject : (field == SERD_PREDICATE) ? writer->context.predicate : (field == SERD_GRAPH) ? writer->context.graph : NULL; return node && node->type ? node : NULL; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus push_context(SerdWriter* const writer, const ContextType type, const SerdStatementFlags flags, const SerdNode* const graph, const SerdNode* const subject, const SerdNode* const predicate) { // Push the current context to the stack if (writer->anon_stack_size >= writer->max_depth) { return SERD_BAD_STACK; } writer->anon_stack[writer->anon_stack_size++] = writer->context; // Update the current context const WriteContext current = { type, flags, serd_node_copy(writer->world->allocator, graph), serd_node_copy(writer->world->allocator, subject), serd_node_copy(writer->world->allocator, predicate), 0U, 0U}; writer->context = current; return SERD_SUCCESS; } static void pop_context(SerdWriter* writer) { assert(writer->anon_stack_size > 0); free_context(writer); writer->context = writer->anon_stack[--writer->anon_stack_size]; } SERD_NODISCARD static size_t sink(const void* buf, size_t len, SerdWriter* writer) { const size_t written = serd_block_dumper_write(buf, 1, len, &writer->output); if (written != len) { if (errno) { char message[1024] = {0}; serd_system_strerror(errno, message, sizeof(message)); w_err(writer, SERD_BAD_WRITE, "write error (%s)", message); } else { w_err(writer, SERD_BAD_WRITE, "unknown write error, %zu / %zu bytes written", written, len); } } return written; } SERD_NODISCARD static inline SerdStatus esink(const void* buf, size_t len, SerdWriter* writer) { return sink(buf, len, writer) == len ? SERD_SUCCESS : SERD_BAD_WRITE; } // Write a single character as a Unicode escape // (Caller prints any single byte characters that don't need escaping) static size_t write_character(SerdWriter* const writer, const uint8_t* const utf8, uint8_t* const size, SerdStatus* const st) { char escape[11] = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0}; const uint32_t c = parse_utf8_char(utf8, size); switch (*size) { case 0: *st = w_err(writer, SERD_BAD_TEXT, "invalid UTF-8 start: %X", utf8[0]); return 0; case 1: snprintf(escape, sizeof(escape), "\\u%04X", utf8[0]); return sink(escape, 6, writer); default: break; } if (!(writer->flags & SERD_WRITE_ASCII)) { // Write UTF-8 character directly to UTF-8 output return sink(utf8, *size, writer); } if (c <= 0xFFFF) { snprintf(escape, sizeof(escape), "\\u%04X", c); return sink(escape, 6, writer); } snprintf(escape, sizeof(escape), "\\U%08X", c); return sink(escape, 10, writer); } static bool uri_must_escape(const int c) { switch (c) { case ' ': case '"': case '<': case '>': case '\\': case '^': case '`': case '{': case '|': case '}': return true; default: return !in_range(c, 0x20, 0x7E); } } static size_t write_uri(SerdWriter* writer, const char* utf8, size_t n_bytes, SerdStatus* st) { size_t len = 0; for (size_t i = 0; i < n_bytes;) { size_t j = i; // Index of next character that must be escaped for (; j < n_bytes; ++j) { if (uri_must_escape(utf8[j])) { break; } } // Bulk write all characters up to this special one const size_t n_bulk = sink(&utf8[i], j - i, writer); len += n_bulk; if (n_bulk != j - i) { *st = SERD_BAD_WRITE; return len; } if ((i = j) == n_bytes) { break; // Reached end } // Write UTF-8 character uint8_t size = 0; len += write_character(writer, (const uint8_t*)utf8 + i, &size, st); i += size; if (*st && !(writer->flags & SERD_WRITE_LAX)) { break; } if (size == 0) { // Corrupt input, write percent-encoded bytes and scan to next start char escape[4] = {0, 0, 0, 0}; for (; i < n_bytes && !is_utf8_leading((uint8_t)utf8[i]); ++i) { snprintf(escape, sizeof(escape), "%%%02X", (uint8_t)utf8[i]); len += sink(escape, 3, writer); } } } return len; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus ewrite_uri(SerdWriter* writer, const char* utf8, size_t n_bytes) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; write_uri(writer, utf8, n_bytes, &st); return (st == SERD_BAD_WRITE || !(writer->flags & SERD_WRITE_LAX)) ? st : SERD_SUCCESS; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_uri_from_node(SerdWriter* writer, const SerdNode* node) { return ewrite_uri(writer, serd_node_string(node), serd_node_length(node)); } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_utf8_percent_escape(SerdWriter* const writer, const char* const utf8, const size_t n_bytes) { static const char hex_chars[] = "0123456789ABCDEF"; SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; char escape[4] = {'%', 0, 0, 0}; for (size_t i = 0U; i < n_bytes; ++i) { const uint8_t byte = (uint8_t)utf8[i]; escape[1] = hex_chars[byte >> 4U]; escape[2] = hex_chars[byte & 0x0FU]; TRY(st, esink(escape, 3, writer)); } return st; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_PN_LOCAL_ESC(SerdWriter* const writer, const char c) { const char buf[2] = {'\\', c}; return esink(buf, sizeof(buf), writer); } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_lname_escape(SerdWriter* writer, const char* const utf8, size_t n_bytes) { return is_PN_LOCAL_ESC(utf8[0]) ? write_PN_LOCAL_ESC(writer, utf8[0]) : write_utf8_percent_escape(writer, utf8, n_bytes); } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_lname(SerdWriter* writer, const char* utf8, const size_t n_bytes) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; if (!n_bytes) { return st; } /* Thanks to the horribly complicated Turtle grammar for prefixed names, making sure we never write an invalid character is tedious. We need to handle the first and last characters separately since they have different sets of valid characters. */ // Write first character uint8_t first_size = 0U; const int first = (int)parse_utf8_char((const uint8_t*)utf8, &first_size); if (is_PN_CHARS_U(first) || first == ':' || is_digit(first)) { TRY(st, esink(utf8, first_size, writer)); } else { TRY(st, write_lname_escape(writer, utf8, first_size)); } // Write middle and last characters for (size_t i = first_size; i < n_bytes;) { uint8_t c_size = 0U; const int c = (int)parse_utf8_char((const uint8_t*)utf8 + i, &c_size); if (is_PN_CHARS(c) || c == ':' || (c == '.' && (i + 1U < n_bytes))) { TRY(st, esink(&utf8[i], c_size, writer)); } else { TRY(st, write_lname_escape(writer, &utf8[i], c_size)); } i += c_size; } return st; } SERD_NODISCARD static size_t write_long_string_escape(SerdWriter* const writer, const size_t n_consecutive_quotes, const bool is_last, const char c) { switch (c) { case '\\': return sink("\\\\", 2, writer); case '\b': return sink("\\b", 2, writer); case '\n': case '\r': case '\t': case '\f': return sink(&c, 1, writer); // Write character as-is case '\"': if (n_consecutive_quotes >= 3 || is_last) { // Two quotes in a row, or quote at string end, escape return sink("\\\"", 2, writer); } return sink(&c, 1, writer); default: break; } return 0; } SERD_NODISCARD static size_t write_short_string_escape(SerdWriter* const writer, const char c) { switch (c) { case '\\': return sink("\\\\", 2, writer); case '\n': return sink("\\n", 2, writer); case '\r': return sink("\\r", 2, writer); case '\t': return sink("\\t", 2, writer); case '"': return sink("\\\"", 2, writer); default: break; } if (writer->syntax == SERD_TURTLE) { switch (c) { case '\b': return sink("\\b", 2, writer); case '\f': return sink("\\f", 2, writer); default: break; } } return 0; } static bool text_must_escape(const char c) { return c == '\\' || c == '"' || !in_range(c, 0x20, 0x7E); } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_text(SerdWriter* writer, TextContext ctx, const char* utf8, size_t n_bytes) { size_t n_consecutive_quotes = 0; SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; for (size_t i = 0; !st && i < n_bytes;) { if (utf8[i] != '"') { n_consecutive_quotes = 0; } // Scan for the longest chunk of characters that can be written directly size_t j = i; for (; j < n_bytes && !text_must_escape(utf8[j]); ++j) { } // Write chunk as a single fast bulk write st = esink(&utf8[i], j - i, writer); if ((i = j) == n_bytes) { break; // Reached end } // Try to write character as a special short escape (newline and friends) const char in = utf8[i++]; size_t escape_len = 0; if (ctx == WRITE_LONG_STRING) { n_consecutive_quotes = (in == '\"') ? (n_consecutive_quotes + 1) : 0; escape_len = write_long_string_escape( writer, n_consecutive_quotes, i == n_bytes, in); } else { escape_len = write_short_string_escape(writer, in); } if (escape_len == 0) { // No special escape for this character, write full Unicode escape uint8_t size = 0; write_character(writer, (const uint8_t*)utf8 + i - 1, &size, &st); if (st && !(writer->flags & SERD_WRITE_LAX)) { return st; } if (size == 0) { // Corrupt input, write replacement character and scan to the next start st = esink(replacement_char, sizeof(replacement_char), writer); for (; i < n_bytes && !is_utf8_leading((uint8_t)utf8[i]); ++i) { } } else { i += size - 1U; } } } return SERD_SUCCESS; } typedef struct { SerdWriter* writer; SerdStatus status; } UriSinkContext; SERD_NODISCARD static size_t uri_sink(const void* buf, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void* stream) { (void)size; assert(size == 1); UriSinkContext* const context = (UriSinkContext*)stream; SerdWriter* const writer = context->writer; return write_uri(writer, (const char*)buf, nmemb, &context->status); } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_newline(SerdWriter* writer, bool terse) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; if (terse || (writer->flags & SERD_WRITE_TERSE)) { return esink(" ", 1, writer); } TRY(st, esink("\n", 1, writer)); for (int i = 0; i < writer->indent; ++i) { TRY(st, esink("\t", 1, writer)); } return st; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_top_level_sep(SerdWriter* writer) { return (writer->last_sep && !(writer->flags & SERD_WRITE_TERSE)) ? write_newline(writer, false) : SERD_SUCCESS; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_sep(SerdWriter* writer, const SerdStatementFlags flags, Sep sep) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; const SepRule* const rule = &rules[sep]; const bool pre_line = (rule->pre_line_after & (1U << writer->last_sep)); const bool post_line = (rule->post_line_after & (1U << writer->last_sep)); const bool terse = (((flags & SERD_TERSE_S) && (flags & SERD_LIST_S)) || ((flags & SERD_TERSE_O) && (flags & SERD_LIST_O))); if (terse && sep >= SEP_LIST_BEGIN && sep <= SEP_LIST_END) { sep = (Sep)((int)sep + 3); // Switch to corresponding terse separator } // Adjust indent, but tolerate if it would become negative if (rule->indent && (pre_line || post_line)) { writer->indent = ((rule->indent >= 0 || writer->indent >= -rule->indent) ? writer->indent + rule->indent : 0); } // If this is the first comma, bump the increment for the following object if (sep == SEP_END_O && !writer->context.comma_indented) { ++writer->indent; writer->context.comma_indented = true; } // Write newline or space before separator if necessary if (pre_line) { TRY(st, write_newline(writer, terse)); } else if (rule->pre_space_after & (1U << writer->last_sep)) { TRY(st, esink(" ", 1, writer)); } // Write actual separator string if (rule->sep) { TRY(st, esink(&rule->sep, 1, writer)); } // Write newline after separator if necessary if (post_line) { TRY(st, write_newline(writer, terse)); if (rule->post_line_after != ~(SepMask)0U) { writer->last_sep = SEP_NEWLINE; } } // Reset context and write a blank line after ends of subjects if (sep == SEP_END_S || sep == SEP_END_DIRECT) { writer->indent = ctx(writer, SERD_GRAPH) ? 1 : 0; writer->context.predicates = false; writer->context.comma_indented = false; if (!terse) { TRY(st, esink("\n", 1, writer)); } } writer->last_sep = sep; return st; } static void free_anon_stack(SerdWriter* writer) { while (writer->anon_stack_size > 0) { pop_context(writer); } } static SerdStatus reset_context(SerdWriter* writer, const unsigned flags) { free_anon_stack(writer); if (writer->context.predicate) { memset(writer->context.predicate, 0, sizeof(SerdNode)); } if (writer->context.subject) { memset(writer->context.subject, 0, sizeof(SerdNode)); } if (flags & RESET_GRAPH) { if (writer->context.graph) { memset(writer->context.graph, 0, sizeof(SerdNode)); } } if (flags & RESET_INDENT) { writer->indent = 0; } writer->anon_stack_size = 0; writer->context.type = CTX_NAMED; writer->context.predicates = false; writer->context.comma_indented = false; return SERD_SUCCESS; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_literal(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdNode* const node, const SerdStatementFlags flags) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; const SerdNode* const datatype = serd_node_datatype(node); const SerdNode* const lang = serd_node_language(node); const char* const node_str = serd_node_string(node); const char* const type_uri = datatype ? serd_node_string(datatype) : NULL; if (supports_abbrev(writer) && type_uri) { if (!strncmp(type_uri, NS_XSD, sizeof(NS_XSD) - 1) && (!strcmp(type_uri + sizeof(NS_XSD) - 1, "boolean") || !strcmp(type_uri + sizeof(NS_XSD) - 1, "integer"))) { return esink(node_str, node->length, writer); } if (!strncmp(type_uri, NS_XSD, sizeof(NS_XSD) - 1) && !strcmp(type_uri + sizeof(NS_XSD) - 1, "decimal") && strchr(node_str, '.') && node_str[node->length - 1] != '.') { /* xsd:decimal literals without trailing digits, e.g. "5.", can not be written bare in Turtle. We could add a 0 which is prettier, but changes the text and breaks round tripping. */ return esink(node_str, node->length, writer); } } if (supports_abbrev(writer) && (node->flags & SERD_IS_LONG)) { TRY(st, esink("\"\"\"", 3, writer)); TRY(st, write_text(writer, WRITE_LONG_STRING, node_str, node->length)); TRY(st, esink("\"\"\"", 3, writer)); } else { TRY(st, esink("\"", 1, writer)); TRY(st, write_text(writer, WRITE_STRING, node_str, node->length)); TRY(st, esink("\"", 1, writer)); } if (lang && serd_node_string(lang)) { TRY(st, esink("@", 1, writer)); TRY(st, esink(serd_node_string(lang), lang->length, writer)); } else if (type_uri) { TRY(st, esink("^^", 2, writer)); return write_node(writer, datatype, (SerdField)-1, flags); } return st; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_full_uri_node(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdNode* const node) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; const bool verbatim = (writer->flags & SERD_WRITE_VERBATIM); if (verbatim || !serd_env_base_uri(writer->env)) { // Resolution disabled or we have no base URI, simply write the node TRY(st, esink("<", 1, writer)); TRY(st, write_uri_from_node(writer, node)); TRY(st, esink(">", 1, writer)); return SERD_SUCCESS; } // Resolve the input node URI reference to a (hopefully) absolute URI const SerdURIView base_uri = serd_env_base_uri_view(writer->env); SerdURIView uri = serd_parse_uri(serd_node_string(node)); SerdURIView abs_uri = serd_resolve_uri(uri, base_uri); // Determine if we should write the absolute URI or make it relative again const bool base_rooted = uri_is_under(&base_uri, &writer->root_uri); const SerdURIView* root = base_rooted ? &writer->root_uri : &base_uri; const bool rooted = uri_is_under(&abs_uri, root); const bool write_abs = !supports_abbrev(writer) || !rooted; TRY(st, esink("<", 1, writer)); UriSinkContext context = {writer, SERD_SUCCESS}; if (write_abs) { serd_write_uri(abs_uri, uri_sink, &context); } else { serd_write_uri(serd_relative_uri(uri, base_uri), uri_sink, &context); } return esink(">", 1, writer); } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_uri_node(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdNode* const node, const SerdField field) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; const SerdStringView string = serd_node_string_view(node); const bool has_scheme = serd_uri_string_has_scheme(string.data); if (supports_abbrev(writer)) { if (field == SERD_PREDICATE && !strcmp(string.data, NS_RDF "type")) { return esink("a", 1, writer); } if (!strcmp(string.data, NS_RDF "nil")) { return esink("()", 2, writer); } SerdStringView prefix = {NULL, 0}; SerdStringView suffix = {NULL, 0}; if (has_scheme && !(writer->flags & SERD_WRITE_EXPANDED) && !serd_env_qualify(writer->env, string, &prefix, &suffix)) { TRY(st, write_lname(writer, prefix.data, prefix.length)); TRY(st, esink(":", 1, writer)); return write_lname(writer, suffix.data, suffix.length); } } if (!has_scheme && !supports_uriref(writer) && !serd_env_base_uri(writer->env)) { return w_err(writer, SERD_BAD_ARG, "syntax does not support URI reference <%s>", string.data); } return write_full_uri_node(writer, node); } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_blank(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdNode* node, const SerdField field, const SerdStatementFlags flags) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; const char* const node_str = serd_node_string(node); if (supports_abbrev(writer)) { if ((field == SERD_SUBJECT && (flags & SERD_ANON_S)) || (field == SERD_OBJECT && (flags & SERD_ANON_O))) { return write_sep(writer, flags, SEP_ANON_BEGIN); } if ((field == SERD_SUBJECT && (flags & SERD_LIST_S)) || (field == SERD_OBJECT && (flags & SERD_LIST_O))) { return write_sep(writer, flags, SEP_LIST_BEGIN); } if ((field == SERD_SUBJECT && (flags & SERD_EMPTY_S)) || (field == SERD_OBJECT && (flags & SERD_EMPTY_O)) || (field == SERD_GRAPH && (flags & SERD_EMPTY_G))) { return esink("[]", 2, writer); } } TRY(st, esink("_:", 2, writer)); if (writer->bprefix && !strncmp(node_str, writer->bprefix, writer->bprefix_len)) { TRY(st, esink(node_str + writer->bprefix_len, node->length - writer->bprefix_len, writer)); } else { TRY(st, esink(node_str, node->length, writer)); } return st; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_variable(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdNode* const node) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; TRY(st, esink("?", 1, writer)); TRY(st, esink(serd_node_string(node), node->length, writer)); writer->last_sep = SEP_NONE; return st; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_node(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdNode* const node, const SerdField field, const SerdStatementFlags flags) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; switch (node->type) { case SERD_LITERAL: st = write_literal(writer, node, flags); break; case SERD_URI: st = write_uri_node(writer, node, field); break; case SERD_BLANK: st = write_blank(writer, node, field, flags); break; case SERD_VARIABLE: st = write_variable(writer, node); break; } if (node->type != SERD_BLANK) { writer->last_sep = SEP_NODE; } return st; } static bool is_resource(const SerdNode* node) { return node && node->type > SERD_LITERAL; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_pred(SerdWriter* writer, SerdStatementFlags flags, const SerdNode* pred) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; TRY(st, write_node(writer, pred, SERD_PREDICATE, flags)); TRY(st, write_sep(writer, flags, SEP_P_O)); writer->context.predicates = true; writer->context.comma_indented = false; return serd_node_set( writer->world->allocator, &writer->context.predicate, pred); } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_list_next(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdStatementFlags flags, const SerdNode* const predicate, const SerdNode* const object) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; if (!strcmp(serd_node_string(object), NS_RDF "nil")) { TRY(st, write_sep(writer, writer->context.flags, SEP_LIST_END)); return SERD_FAILURE; } if (!strcmp(serd_node_string(predicate), NS_RDF "first")) { TRY(st, write_node(writer, object, SERD_OBJECT, flags)); } else { TRY(st, write_sep(writer, writer->context.flags, SEP_LIST_SEP)); } return st; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus terminate_context(SerdWriter* writer) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; if (ctx(writer, SERD_SUBJECT)) { TRY(st, write_sep(writer, writer->context.flags, SEP_END_S)); } if (ctx(writer, SERD_GRAPH)) { TRY(st, write_sep(writer, writer->context.flags, SEP_GRAPH_END)); } return st; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_ntriples_statement(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdStatementFlags flags, const SerdNode* const subject, const SerdNode* const predicate, const SerdNode* const object) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; TRY(st, write_node(writer, subject, SERD_SUBJECT, flags)); TRY(st, esink(" ", 1, writer)); TRY(st, write_node(writer, predicate, SERD_PREDICATE, flags)); TRY(st, esink(" ", 1, writer)); TRY(st, write_node(writer, object, SERD_OBJECT, flags)); TRY(st, esink(" .\n", 3, writer)); return st; } static SerdStatus write_nquads_statement(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdStatementFlags flags, const SerdNode* const subject, const SerdNode* const predicate, const SerdNode* const object, const SerdNode* const graph) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; TRY(st, write_node(writer, subject, SERD_SUBJECT, flags)); TRY(st, esink(" ", 1, writer)); TRY(st, write_node(writer, predicate, SERD_PREDICATE, flags)); TRY(st, esink(" ", 1, writer)); TRY(st, write_node(writer, object, SERD_OBJECT, flags)); if (graph) { TRY(st, esink(" ", 1, writer)); TRY(st, write_node(writer, graph, SERD_GRAPH, flags)); } return esink(" .\n", 3, writer); } static SerdStatus update_abbreviation_context(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdStatementFlags flags, const SerdNode* const subject, const SerdNode* const predicate, const SerdNode* const object, const SerdNode* const graph) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; // Push context for list or anonymous subject if necessary if (flags & SERD_ANON_S) { st = push_context(writer, CTX_BLANK, flags, graph, subject, predicate); } else if (flags & SERD_LIST_S) { st = push_context(writer, CTX_LIST, flags, graph, subject, NULL); } // Push context for list or anonymous object if necessary if (!st) { if (flags & SERD_ANON_O) { st = push_context(writer, CTX_BLANK, flags, graph, object, NULL); } else if (flags & SERD_LIST_O) { st = push_context(writer, CTX_LIST, flags, graph, object, NULL); } } return st; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_list_statement(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdStatementFlags flags, const SerdNode* const subject, const SerdNode* const predicate, const SerdNode* const object, const SerdNode* const graph) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; if (!strcmp(serd_node_string(predicate), NS_RDF "first") && !strcmp(serd_node_string(object), NS_RDF "nil")) { return esink("()", 2, writer); } TRY_FAILING(st, write_list_next(writer, flags, predicate, object)); if (st == SERD_FAILURE) { pop_context(writer); return SERD_SUCCESS; } return update_abbreviation_context( writer, flags, subject, predicate, object, graph); } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_turtle_trig_statement(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdStatementFlags flags, const SerdNode* const subject, const SerdNode* const predicate, const SerdNode* const object, const SerdNode* const graph) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; if (writer->context.type == CTX_LIST) { return write_list_statement( writer, flags, subject, predicate, object, graph); } if (serd_node_equals(subject, writer->context.subject)) { if (serd_node_equals(predicate, writer->context.predicate)) { // Elide S P (write O) const Sep last = writer->last_sep; const bool anon_o = flags & SERD_ANON_O; const bool list_o = flags & SERD_LIST_O; const bool open_o = anon_o || list_o; const bool after_end = (last == SEP_ANON_END) || (last == SEP_LIST_END); TRY(st, write_sep(writer, flags, after_end ? (open_o ? SEP_JOIN_O_AA : SEP_JOIN_O_AN) : (open_o ? SEP_JOIN_O_NA : SEP_END_O))); } else { // Elide S (write P and O) if (writer->context.comma_indented && !(flags & SERD_ANON_S)) { --writer->indent; writer->context.comma_indented = false; } const bool first = !ctx(writer, SERD_PREDICATE); TRY(st, write_sep(writer, flags, first ? SEP_S_P : SEP_END_P)); TRY(st, write_pred(writer, flags, predicate)); } } else { // No abbreviation if (ctx(writer, SERD_SUBJECT)) { TRY(st, write_sep(writer, flags, SEP_END_S)); } if (writer->last_sep == SEP_END_S || writer->last_sep == SEP_END_DIRECT) { TRY(st, write_top_level_sep(writer)); } // Write subject node TRY(st, write_node(writer, subject, SERD_SUBJECT, flags)); if (!(flags & (SERD_ANON_S | SERD_LIST_S))) { TRY(st, write_sep(writer, flags, SEP_S_P)); } else if (flags & SERD_ANON_S) { TRY(st, write_sep(writer, flags, SEP_ANON_S_P)); } // Set context to new subject reset_context(writer, 0U); TRY(st, serd_node_set( writer->world->allocator, &writer->context.subject, subject)); // Write predicate if (!(flags & SERD_LIST_S)) { TRY(st, write_pred(writer, flags, predicate)); } } TRY(st, write_node(writer, object, SERD_OBJECT, flags)); return update_abbreviation_context( writer, flags, subject, predicate, object, graph); } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_turtle_statement(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdStatementFlags flags, const SerdNode* const subject, const SerdNode* const predicate, const SerdNode* const object) { return write_turtle_trig_statement( writer, flags, subject, predicate, object, NULL); } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus write_trig_statement(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdStatementFlags flags, const SerdNode* const subject, const SerdNode* const predicate, const SerdNode* const object, const SerdNode* const graph) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; if (!serd_node_equals(graph, writer->context.graph)) { TRY(st, terminate_context(writer)); TRY(st, write_top_level_sep(writer)); reset_context(writer, true); if (graph) { TRY(st, write_node(writer, graph, SERD_GRAPH, flags)); TRY(st, write_sep(writer, flags, SEP_GRAPH_BEGIN)); serd_node_set(writer->world->allocator, &writer->context.graph, graph); } } return write_turtle_trig_statement( writer, flags, subject, predicate, object, graph); } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus serd_writer_write_statement(SerdWriter* const writer, const SerdStatementFlags flags, const SerdStatement* const statement) { const SerdNode* const subject = serd_statement_subject(statement); const SerdNode* const predicate = serd_statement_predicate(statement); const SerdNode* const object = serd_statement_object(statement); const SerdNode* const graph = serd_statement_graph(statement); if (!is_resource(subject) || !is_resource(predicate) || !object || ((flags & SERD_ANON_S) && (flags & SERD_LIST_S)) || // Nonsense ((flags & SERD_ANON_O) && (flags & SERD_LIST_O)) || // Nonsense ((flags & SERD_ANON_S) && (flags & SERD_TERSE_S)) || // Unsupported ((flags & SERD_ANON_O) && (flags & SERD_TERSE_O))) { // Unsupported return SERD_BAD_ARG; } switch (writer->syntax) { case SERD_SYNTAX_EMPTY: break; case SERD_TURTLE: return write_turtle_statement(writer, flags, subject, predicate, object); case SERD_NTRIPLES: return write_ntriples_statement(writer, flags, subject, predicate, object); case SERD_NQUADS: return write_nquads_statement( writer, flags, subject, predicate, object, graph); case SERD_TRIG: return write_trig_statement( writer, flags, subject, predicate, object, graph); } return SERD_SUCCESS; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus serd_writer_end_anon(SerdWriter* writer, const SerdNode* node) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; if (writer->syntax != SERD_TURTLE && writer->syntax != SERD_TRIG) { return SERD_SUCCESS; } if (!writer->anon_stack_size) { return w_err(writer, SERD_BAD_EVENT, "unexpected end of anonymous node '%s'", serd_node_string(node)); } // Write the end separator ']' and pop the context TRY(st, write_sep(writer, writer->context.flags, SEP_ANON_END)); pop_context(writer); if (writer->context.predicate && serd_node_equals(node, writer->context.subject)) { // Now-finished anonymous node is the new subject with no other context memset(writer->context.predicate, 0, sizeof(SerdNode)); } return st; } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus serd_writer_on_event(SerdWriter* writer, const SerdEvent* event) { switch (event->type) { case SERD_BASE: return serd_writer_set_base_uri(writer, event->base.uri); case SERD_PREFIX: return serd_writer_set_prefix( writer, event->prefix.name, event->prefix.uri); case SERD_STATEMENT: return serd_writer_write_statement( writer, event->statement.flags, event->statement.statement); case SERD_END: return serd_writer_end_anon(writer, event->end.node); } return SERD_BAD_ARG; } SerdStatus serd_writer_finish(SerdWriter* writer) { assert(writer); const SerdStatus st0 = terminate_context(writer); const SerdStatus st1 = serd_block_dumper_flush(&writer->output); free_anon_stack(writer); reset_context(writer, RESET_GRAPH | RESET_INDENT); writer->last_sep = SEP_NONE; return st0 ? st0 : st1; } SerdWriter* serd_writer_new(SerdWorld* world, SerdSyntax syntax, SerdWriterFlags flags, const SerdEnv* env, SerdOutputStream* output, size_t block_size) { assert(world); assert(env); assert(output); SerdBlockDumper dumper = {world->allocator, NULL, NULL, 0U, 0U}; if (serd_block_dumper_open(world, &dumper, output, block_size)) { return NULL; } const WriteContext context = WRITE_CONTEXT_NULL; SerdWriter* writer = (SerdWriter*)serd_wcalloc(world, 1, sizeof(SerdWriter)); if (!writer) { serd_block_dumper_close(&dumper); return NULL; } writer->world = world; writer->syntax = syntax; writer->flags = flags; writer->env = env; writer->root_node = NULL; writer->root_uri = SERD_URI_NULL; writer->output = dumper; writer->context = context; if (world->limits.writer_max_depth) { writer->max_depth = world->limits.writer_max_depth; writer->anon_stack = (WriteContext*)serd_wcalloc( world, world->limits.writer_max_depth, sizeof(WriteContext)); if (!writer->anon_stack) { serd_wfree(world, writer); return NULL; } } writer->iface.allocator = world->allocator; writer->iface.handle = writer; writer->iface.on_event = (SerdEventFunc)serd_writer_on_event; return writer; } void serd_writer_chop_blank_prefix(SerdWriter* writer, const char* prefix) { assert(writer); serd_wfree(writer->world, writer->bprefix); writer->bprefix_len = 0; writer->bprefix = NULL; const size_t prefix_len = prefix ? strlen(prefix) : 0; if (prefix_len) { writer->bprefix_len = prefix_len; writer->bprefix = (char*)serd_wmalloc(writer->world, writer->bprefix_len + 1); memcpy(writer->bprefix, prefix, writer->bprefix_len + 1); } } SERD_NODISCARD static SerdStatus serd_writer_set_base_uri(SerdWriter* writer, const SerdNode* uri) { assert(writer); SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; if (uri && serd_node_type(uri) != SERD_URI) { return SERD_BAD_ARG; } const SerdStringView uri_string = uri ? serd_node_string_view(uri) : serd_empty_string(); if (uri && (writer->syntax == SERD_TURTLE || writer->syntax == SERD_TRIG)) { TRY(st, terminate_context(writer)); TRY(st, esink("@base <", 7, writer)); TRY(st, esink(uri_string.data, uri_string.length, writer)); TRY(st, esink(">", 1, writer)); writer->last_sep = SEP_NODE; TRY(st, write_sep(writer, writer->context.flags, SEP_END_DIRECT)); } return reset_context(writer, RESET_GRAPH | RESET_INDENT); } SerdStatus serd_writer_set_root_uri(SerdWriter* writer, const SerdStringView uri) { assert(writer); SerdAllocator* const allocator = writer->world->allocator; serd_node_free(allocator, writer->root_node); writer->root_node = NULL; writer->root_uri = SERD_URI_NULL; if (uri.length) { writer->root_node = serd_node_new(allocator, serd_a_uri(uri)); writer->root_uri = serd_node_uri_view(writer->root_node); } return SERD_SUCCESS; } SerdStatus serd_writer_set_prefix(SerdWriter* writer, const SerdNode* name, const SerdNode* uri) { SerdStatus st = SERD_SUCCESS; if (name->type != SERD_LITERAL || uri->type != SERD_URI) { return SERD_BAD_ARG; } if (writer->syntax == SERD_TURTLE || writer->syntax == SERD_TRIG) { TRY(st, terminate_context(writer)); TRY(st, esink("@prefix ", 8, writer)); TRY(st, esink(serd_node_string(name), name->length, writer)); TRY(st, esink(": <", 3, writer)); TRY(st, write_uri_from_node(writer, uri)); TRY(st, esink(">", 1, writer)); writer->last_sep = SEP_NODE; TRY(st, write_sep(writer, writer->context.flags, SEP_END_DIRECT)); } return reset_context(writer, RESET_GRAPH | RESET_INDENT); } void serd_writer_free(SerdWriter* writer) { if (!writer) { return; } serd_writer_finish(writer); free_context(writer); free_anon_stack(writer); serd_block_dumper_close(&writer->output); serd_wfree(writer->world, writer->anon_stack); serd_wfree(writer->world, writer->bprefix); serd_node_free(writer->world->allocator, writer->root_node); serd_wfree(writer->world, writer); } const SerdSink* serd_writer_sink(SerdWriter* writer) { assert(writer); return &writer->iface; }