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diff --git a/pugl/pugl_win_cairo.c b/pugl/pugl_win_cairo.c
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+/*
+ Copyright 2012-2019 David Robillard <http://drobilla.net>
+
+ Permission to use, copy, modify, and/or distribute this software for any
+ purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+
+ THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+*/
+
+/**
+ @file win_cairo.c Cairo graphics backend for Windows.
+*/
+
+#include "pugl/pugl_cairo_backend.h"
+#include "pugl/pugl_internal_types.h"
+#include "pugl/pugl_win.h"
+
+#include <cairo-win32.h>
+#include <cairo.h>
+
+#include <stdlib.h>
+
+typedef struct {
+ cairo_surface_t* surface;
+ cairo_t* cr;
+ HDC drawDc;
+ HBITMAP drawBitmap;
+} PuglWinCairoSurface;
+
+static int
+puglWinCairoCreateDrawContext(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglWinCairoSurface* const surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ surface->drawDc = CreateCompatibleDC(impl->hdc);
+ surface->drawBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(
+ impl->hdc, view->width, view->height);
+
+ DeleteObject(SelectObject(surface->drawDc, surface->drawBitmap));
+
+ cairo_status_t st = CAIRO_STATUS_SUCCESS;
+ if (!(surface->surface = cairo_win32_surface_create(surface->drawDc)) ||
+ (st = cairo_surface_status(surface->surface)) ||
+ !(surface->cr = cairo_create(surface->surface)) ||
+ (st = cairo_status(surface->cr))) {
+ return PUGL_ERR_CREATE_CONTEXT;
+ }
+
+ cairo_save(surface->cr);
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+puglWinCairoDestroyDrawContext(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglWinCairoSurface* const surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ DeleteDC(surface->drawDc);
+ DeleteObject(surface->drawBitmap);
+ cairo_destroy(surface->cr);
+ cairo_surface_destroy(surface->surface);
+
+ surface->surface = NULL;
+ surface->cr = NULL;
+ surface->drawDc = NULL;
+ surface->drawBitmap = NULL;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+puglWinCairoConfigure(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglStatus st = PUGL_SUCCESS;
+
+ if ((st = puglWinCreateWindow(view, "Pugl", &impl->hwnd, &impl->hdc))) {
+ return st;
+ }
+
+ impl->pfd = puglWinGetPixelFormatDescriptor(&view->hints);
+ impl->pfId = ChoosePixelFormat(impl->hdc, &impl->pfd);
+
+ if (!SetPixelFormat(impl->hdc, impl->pfId, &impl->pfd)) {
+ ReleaseDC(impl->hwnd, impl->hdc);
+ DestroyWindow(impl->hwnd);
+ impl->hwnd = NULL;
+ impl->hdc = NULL;
+ return PUGL_ERR_SET_FORMAT;
+ }
+
+ impl->surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)calloc(
+ 1, sizeof(PuglWinCairoSurface));
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+puglWinCairoCreate(PuglView* view)
+{
+ return puglWinCairoCreateDrawContext(view);
+}
+
+static int
+puglWinCairoDestroy(PuglView* view)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglWinCairoSurface* const surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+
+ puglWinCairoDestroyDrawContext(view);
+ free(surface);
+ impl->surface = NULL;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+puglWinCairoEnter(PuglView* view, bool drawing)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglWinCairoSurface* const surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+ if (!drawing) {
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ PAINTSTRUCT ps;
+ BeginPaint(view->impl->hwnd, &ps);
+ cairo_save(surface->cr);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+puglWinCairoLeave(PuglView* view, bool drawing)
+{
+ PuglInternals* const impl = view->impl;
+ PuglWinCairoSurface* const surface = (PuglWinCairoSurface*)impl->surface;
+ if (!drawing) {
+ return 0;
+ }
+
+ cairo_restore(surface->cr);
+ cairo_surface_flush(surface->surface);
+ BitBlt(impl->hdc, 0, 0, view->width, view->height,
+ surface->drawDc, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);
+
+ PAINTSTRUCT ps;
+ EndPaint(view->impl->hwnd, &ps);
+ SwapBuffers(view->impl->hdc);
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int
+puglWinCairoResize(PuglView* view,
+ int width,
+ int height)
+{
+ view->width = width;
+ view->height = height;
+ int st = 0;
+ if ((st = puglWinCairoDestroyDrawContext(view)) ||
+ (st = puglWinCairoCreateDrawContext(view))) {
+ fprintf(stderr, "ERR\n");
+ return st;
+ }
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static void*
+puglWinCairoGetContext(PuglView* view)
+{
+ return ((PuglWinCairoSurface*)view->impl->surface)->cr;
+}
+
+const PuglBackend*
+puglCairoBackend()
+{
+ static const PuglBackend backend = {
+ puglWinCairoConfigure,
+ puglWinCairoCreate,
+ puglWinCairoDestroy,
+ puglWinCairoEnter,
+ puglWinCairoLeave,
+ puglWinCairoResize,
+ puglWinCairoGetContext
+ };
+
+ return &backend;
+}