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author | David Robillard <d@drobilla.net> | 2018-06-16 10:26:47 -0400 |
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committer | David Robillard <d@drobilla.net> | 2022-01-28 21:57:29 -0500 |
commit | 8b1ad067d9450b4c9c4384b6bf2859c70a6b0cce (patch) | |
tree | 2a5cc8b0031658a472c44b8fd8e95cb583d24fc7 /doc/cpp/statements.rst | |
parent | 3f74afa8c0e60a778566db975894044c67a3b386 (diff) | |
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[WIP] Add C++ bindings
Diffstat (limited to 'doc/cpp/statements.rst')
-rw-r--r-- | doc/cpp/statements.rst | 124 |
1 files changed, 124 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/doc/cpp/statements.rst b/doc/cpp/statements.rst new file mode 100644 index 00000000..a77c8050 --- /dev/null +++ b/doc/cpp/statements.rst @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@ +Statements +========== + +.. default-domain:: cpp +.. highlight:: cpp +.. namespace:: serd + +A :struct:`Statement` is a tuple of either 3 or 4 nodes: +the `subject`, `predicate`, `object`, and optional `graph`. +Statements declare that a subject has some property. +The predicate identifies the property, +and the object is its value on the subject. + +A statement can be thought of as a very simple machine-readable sentence. +The subject and object are as in natural language, +and the predicate is something like a verb, but more general. +For example, we could make a statement in English about your intrepid author: + + drobilla has the first name "David" + +We can break this statement into 3 pieces like so: + +.. list-table:: + :header-rows: 1 + + * - Subject + - Predicate + - Object + * - drobilla + - has the first name + - "David" + +To make a :class:`Statement` out of this, we need to define some URIs. +In RDF, the subject and predicate must be *resources* with an identifier +(for example, neither can be a string). +Conventionally, predicate names do not start with "has" or similar words, +since that would be redundant in this context. +So, we assume that ``http://example.org/drobilla`` is the URI for drobilla, +and that ``http://example.org/firstName`` has been defined somewhere to be +a property with the appropriate meaning, +and can make an equivalent :class:`Statement`: + +.. literalinclude:: overview.cpp + :start-after: begin statement-new + :end-before: end statement-new + :dedent: 2 + +Statements also have an additional field, the graph, +which is used to group statements together. +For example, this can be used to store the document where statements originated, +or to keep schema data separate from application data. +A statement with a graph can be constructed by passing the graph as the fourth parameter: + +.. literalinclude:: overview.cpp + :start-after: begin statement-new-graph + :end-before: end statement-new-graph + :dedent: 2 + +Finally, a :class:`Caret` may also be passed which records a position in the file that the statement was loaded from. +This is typically used for printing useful error messages. +The cursor is considered metadata and not part of the statement itself, +for example, +it is not considered in equality comparison. +Typically, the cursor will be automatically set by a reader, +but a statement with a cursor can be constructed manually by passing the cursor as the last parameter: + +.. literalinclude:: overview.cpp + :start-after: begin statement-new-cursor + :end-before: end statement-new-cursor + :dedent: 2 + +.. literalinclude:: overview.cpp + :start-after: begin statement-new-graph-cursor + :end-before: end statement-new-graph-cursor + :dedent: 2 + + +Accessing Fields +---------------- + +Statement fields can be accessed with the :func:`~StatementWrapper::node` method, for example: + +.. literalinclude:: overview.cpp + :start-after: begin get-subject + :end-before: end get-subject + :dedent: 2 + +Alternatively, an accessor function is provided for each field: + +.. literalinclude:: overview.cpp + :start-after: begin get-pog + :end-before: end get-pog + :dedent: 2 + +Every statement has a subject, predicate, and object, +but the graph is optional. +The caret is also optional, +and can be accessed with the :func:`~StatementWrapper::caret` method: + +.. literalinclude:: overview.cpp + :start-after: begin get-caret + :end-before: end get-caret + :dedent: 2 + +Comparison +---------- + +Two statements can be compared with the equals operator: + +.. literalinclude:: overview.cpp + :start-after: begin statement-equals + :end-before: end statement-equals + :dedent: 2 + +Statements are equal if all four corresponding pairs of nodes are equal. +The cursor is considered metadata, and is ignored for comparison. + +It is also possible to match statements against a pattern with the :func:`~StatementWrapper::matches` method, +where empty parameters act as wildcards: + +.. literalinclude:: overview.cpp + :start-after: begin statement-matches + :end-before: end statement-matches + :dedent: 2 |